Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons
Background Urbanization will increase in the next decades, causing the loss of green areas and bird diversity within cities. There is a lack of studies at a continental scale analyzing the relationship between urban green areas, such as parks and cemeteries, and bird species richness in the Neotropi...
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-12-01
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| author | Lucas M. Leveau Mariana Lucia Bocelli Sergio Gabriel Quesada-Acuña César González-Lagos Pablo Gutiérrez Tapia Gabriela Franzoi Dri Carlos A. Delgado-V. Álvaro Garitano-Zavala Jackeline Campos Yanina Benedetti Rubén Ortega-Álvarez Antonio Isain Contreras Rodríguez Daniela Souza López Carla Suertegaray Fontana Thaiane Weinert da Silva Sarah Sandri Zalewski Vargas María Cecília Barbosa Toledo Juan Andres Sarquis Alejandro Giraudo Ada Lilian Echevarria María Elisa Fanjul Maria Valeria Martínez Josefina Haedo Luis Gonzalo Cano Sanz Yuri Peña Viviana Fernandez Verónica Marinero Vinícius Abilhoa Rafael Amorin Juan Fernando Escobar Ibáñez María Dolores Juri Sergio Camín Luis Marone Augusto João Piratelli Alexandre Gabriel Franchin Larissa Crispim Federico Morelli |
| author_facet | Lucas M. Leveau Mariana Lucia Bocelli Sergio Gabriel Quesada-Acuña César González-Lagos Pablo Gutiérrez Tapia Gabriela Franzoi Dri Carlos A. Delgado-V. Álvaro Garitano-Zavala Jackeline Campos Yanina Benedetti Rubén Ortega-Álvarez Antonio Isain Contreras Rodríguez Daniela Souza López Carla Suertegaray Fontana Thaiane Weinert da Silva Sarah Sandri Zalewski Vargas María Cecília Barbosa Toledo Juan Andres Sarquis Alejandro Giraudo Ada Lilian Echevarria María Elisa Fanjul Maria Valeria Martínez Josefina Haedo Luis Gonzalo Cano Sanz Yuri Peña Viviana Fernandez Verónica Marinero Vinícius Abilhoa Rafael Amorin Juan Fernando Escobar Ibáñez María Dolores Juri Sergio Camín Luis Marone Augusto João Piratelli Alexandre Gabriel Franchin Larissa Crispim Federico Morelli |
| author_sort | Lucas M. Leveau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Urbanization will increase in the next decades, causing the loss of green areas and bird diversity within cities. There is a lack of studies at a continental scale analyzing the relationship between urban green areas, such as parks and cemeteries, and bird species richness in the Neotropical region. Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries may be influenced by latitudinal gradients or species-area relationships. However, the seasonal variation of species diversity- environment has not been analyzed at a continental scale in the Neotropics. Methods Bird surveys were conducted in 36 cemeteries and 37 parks within 18 Neotropical cities during non-breeding and breeding seasons. Bird diversity was assessed through Hill numbers, focusing on species richness, the effective number of species derived from Shannon index and the Simpson index. Environmental variables included latitude, altitude, and local scale variables such as area size, habitat diversity and pedestrian traffic. Results Species richness and Shannon diversity were higher during the breeding season, whereas Simpson diversity did not vary between seasons. During both seasons, species richness increased with area size, was negatively related to altitude, and was the highest at 20° latitude. Species richness was also positively related to habitat diversity, pedestrian traffic, and was highest in suburban areas during the non-breeding season. Shannon and Simpson diversity showed significant relationships with habitat diversity and area size during the breeding season. Bird diversity was similar between parks and cemeteries. Discussion Our results showed that urban parks and cemeteries have similar roles in conserving urban bird diversity in Neotropical cities. However, species diversity-environment relations at the continental scale varied between seasons, highlighting the importance of conducting annual studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:35Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5085a08a4624cf78392760532df717b2023-12-03T10:01:27ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-12-0110e1449610.7717/peerj.14496Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasonsLucas M. Leveau0Mariana Lucia Bocelli1Sergio Gabriel Quesada-Acuña2César González-Lagos3Pablo Gutiérrez Tapia4Gabriela Franzoi Dri5Carlos A. Delgado-V.6Álvaro Garitano-Zavala7Jackeline Campos8Yanina Benedetti9Rubén Ortega-Álvarez10Antonio Isain Contreras Rodríguez11Daniela Souza López12Carla Suertegaray Fontana13Thaiane Weinert da Silva14Sarah Sandri Zalewski Vargas15María Cecília Barbosa Toledo16Juan Andres Sarquis17Alejandro Giraudo18Ada Lilian Echevarria19María Elisa Fanjul20Maria Valeria Martínez21Josefina Haedo22Luis Gonzalo Cano Sanz23Yuri Peña24Viviana Fernandez25Verónica Marinero26Vinícius Abilhoa27Rafael Amorin28Juan Fernando Escobar Ibáñez29María Dolores Juri30Sergio Camín31Luis Marone32Augusto João Piratelli33Alexandre Gabriel Franchin34Larissa Crispim35Federico Morelli36Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaUniversidad Estatal a Distancia, San José de Costa Rica, Costa RicaUniversidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, ChileUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileUniversity of Maine, Maine, United StatesUniversidad CES, Medellín, ColombiaUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, CzechiaInvestigadoras e Investigadores por México del CONACYT, Dirección Regional Occidente, MéxicoCentro de Cultura Ambiental, Acuexcomatl, SEDEMA, Ciudad de México, MéxicoNorth American Birds Conservation Initiative, Ciudad de México, MéxicoPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniversidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, BrazilUniversidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, ArgentinaFundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, ArgentinaFundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, ArgentinaFundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, ArgentinaInstituto de Ecología Regional, San Miguel de Tucumán, ArgentinaMuseo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, PerúMuseo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, PerúUniversidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, ArgentinaMuseu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, BrazilMuseu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Curitiba, BrazilInstituto de Ecología, Xalapa, MexixoUniversidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito, ArgentinaIADIZA-CONICET, Mendoza, ArgentinaIADIZA-CONICET, Mendoza, ArgentinaUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, BrazilCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, CzechiaBackground Urbanization will increase in the next decades, causing the loss of green areas and bird diversity within cities. There is a lack of studies at a continental scale analyzing the relationship between urban green areas, such as parks and cemeteries, and bird species richness in the Neotropical region. Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries may be influenced by latitudinal gradients or species-area relationships. However, the seasonal variation of species diversity- environment has not been analyzed at a continental scale in the Neotropics. Methods Bird surveys were conducted in 36 cemeteries and 37 parks within 18 Neotropical cities during non-breeding and breeding seasons. Bird diversity was assessed through Hill numbers, focusing on species richness, the effective number of species derived from Shannon index and the Simpson index. Environmental variables included latitude, altitude, and local scale variables such as area size, habitat diversity and pedestrian traffic. Results Species richness and Shannon diversity were higher during the breeding season, whereas Simpson diversity did not vary between seasons. During both seasons, species richness increased with area size, was negatively related to altitude, and was the highest at 20° latitude. Species richness was also positively related to habitat diversity, pedestrian traffic, and was highest in suburban areas during the non-breeding season. Shannon and Simpson diversity showed significant relationships with habitat diversity and area size during the breeding season. Bird diversity was similar between parks and cemeteries. Discussion Our results showed that urban parks and cemeteries have similar roles in conserving urban bird diversity in Neotropical cities. However, species diversity-environment relations at the continental scale varied between seasons, highlighting the importance of conducting annual studies.https://peerj.com/articles/14496.pdfHabitat heterogeneityLatin AmericaMacroecologySeasonalitySpecies-area relationshipsTaxonomic diversity |
| spellingShingle | Lucas M. Leveau Mariana Lucia Bocelli Sergio Gabriel Quesada-Acuña César González-Lagos Pablo Gutiérrez Tapia Gabriela Franzoi Dri Carlos A. Delgado-V. Álvaro Garitano-Zavala Jackeline Campos Yanina Benedetti Rubén Ortega-Álvarez Antonio Isain Contreras Rodríguez Daniela Souza López Carla Suertegaray Fontana Thaiane Weinert da Silva Sarah Sandri Zalewski Vargas María Cecília Barbosa Toledo Juan Andres Sarquis Alejandro Giraudo Ada Lilian Echevarria María Elisa Fanjul Maria Valeria Martínez Josefina Haedo Luis Gonzalo Cano Sanz Yuri Peña Viviana Fernandez Verónica Marinero Vinícius Abilhoa Rafael Amorin Juan Fernando Escobar Ibáñez María Dolores Juri Sergio Camín Luis Marone Augusto João Piratelli Alexandre Gabriel Franchin Larissa Crispim Federico Morelli Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons PeerJ Habitat heterogeneity Latin America Macroecology Seasonality Species-area relationships Taxonomic diversity |
| title | Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons |
| title_full | Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons |
| title_fullStr | Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons |
| title_short | Bird diversity-environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the Neotropics during breeding and non-breeding seasons |
| title_sort | bird diversity environment relationships in urban parks and cemeteries of the neotropics during breeding and non breeding seasons |
| topic | Habitat heterogeneity Latin America Macroecology Seasonality Species-area relationships Taxonomic diversity |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/14496.pdf |
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