Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China
ObjectiveTo date, a comprehensive analysis of urban green space (UGS) visitors’ emotional remains largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on how UGS environmental preferences, restorativeness, other physical factors (sound, air, and thermal environments), and individual characteristics affecting...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286518/full |
| _version_ | 1827661384346763264 |
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| author | Yu Wu Yu Wu Jian Liu Jian Liu Jay Mar D. Quevedo Huishan Cheng Kunyong Yu Ryo Kohsaka |
| author_facet | Yu Wu Yu Wu Jian Liu Jian Liu Jay Mar D. Quevedo Huishan Cheng Kunyong Yu Ryo Kohsaka |
| author_sort | Yu Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo date, a comprehensive analysis of urban green space (UGS) visitors’ emotional remains largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on how UGS environmental preferences, restorativeness, other physical factors (sound, air, and thermal environments), and individual characteristics affecting visitor emotions. Such a comprehensive analysis would allow relevant practitioners to check the environmental quality of UGSs and improve certain conditions to promote visitor emotions.MethodsA total of 904 questionnaire responses with concurrently monitored physical factors were analyzed by independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA and path analysis.ResultsThe thermal evaluation had the largest impact on positive emotions (β = 0.474), followed by perceived restorativeness (β = 0.297), which had β values of −0.120 and −0.158, respectively, on negative emotions. Air evaluation was more effective for increasing positive emotions (β = 0.293) than reducing negative emotions (β = −0.115). Sound evaluation also had similar results (β = 0.330 vs. β = −0.080). Environmental preference significantly influenced only positive emotions (β = 0.181) but could still indirectly impact negative emotions. Moreover, objective physical factors can indirectly affect visitors’ emotions by enhancing their evaluations..ConclusionThe influence of different UGS environmental factors on visitors’ emotions vary, as does their impacts on positive versus negative emotions. Positive emotions were generally more affected than negative emotions by UGS. Visitor emotions were mainly influenced by physical and psychological factors. Corresponding suggestions are proposed for UGS design and management in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:08:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e50910eec5384705b0e6090bdd43811e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:08:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-e50910eec5384705b0e6090bdd43811e2023-11-23T16:05:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-11-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12865181286518Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, ChinaYu Wu0Yu Wu1Jian Liu2Jian Liu3Jay Mar D. Quevedo4Huishan Cheng5Kunyong Yu6Ryo Kohsaka7College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanCollege of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanObjectiveTo date, a comprehensive analysis of urban green space (UGS) visitors’ emotional remains largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on how UGS environmental preferences, restorativeness, other physical factors (sound, air, and thermal environments), and individual characteristics affecting visitor emotions. Such a comprehensive analysis would allow relevant practitioners to check the environmental quality of UGSs and improve certain conditions to promote visitor emotions.MethodsA total of 904 questionnaire responses with concurrently monitored physical factors were analyzed by independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA and path analysis.ResultsThe thermal evaluation had the largest impact on positive emotions (β = 0.474), followed by perceived restorativeness (β = 0.297), which had β values of −0.120 and −0.158, respectively, on negative emotions. Air evaluation was more effective for increasing positive emotions (β = 0.293) than reducing negative emotions (β = −0.115). Sound evaluation also had similar results (β = 0.330 vs. β = −0.080). Environmental preference significantly influenced only positive emotions (β = 0.181) but could still indirectly impact negative emotions. Moreover, objective physical factors can indirectly affect visitors’ emotions by enhancing their evaluations..ConclusionThe influence of different UGS environmental factors on visitors’ emotions vary, as does their impacts on positive versus negative emotions. Positive emotions were generally more affected than negative emotions by UGS. Visitor emotions were mainly influenced by physical and psychological factors. Corresponding suggestions are proposed for UGS design and management in this study.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286518/fullurban green spaceemotional healthenvironmental qualitypreferencerestorative environment |
| spellingShingle | Yu Wu Yu Wu Jian Liu Jian Liu Jay Mar D. Quevedo Huishan Cheng Kunyong Yu Ryo Kohsaka Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China Frontiers in Public Health urban green space emotional health environmental quality preference restorative environment |
| title | Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China |
| title_full | Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China |
| title_fullStr | Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China |
| title_short | Critical factors influencing visitor emotions: analysis of “restorativeness” in urban park visits in Fuzhou, China |
| title_sort | critical factors influencing visitor emotions analysis of restorativeness in urban park visits in fuzhou china |
| topic | urban green space emotional health environmental quality preference restorative environment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286518/full |
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