MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of short-length (~22 nt) non-coding RNA. Most miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and processed by Drosha-DGCR8 and Dicer complexes in the cropping and dicing steps, respectively. miRNAs are exported by exportin-5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after cropping. T...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2012.00030/full |
| _version_ | 1819295632348676096 |
|---|---|
| author | Hironori eKawahara Hironori eKawahara Takao eImai Hideyuki eOkano |
| author_facet | Hironori eKawahara Hironori eKawahara Takao eImai Hideyuki eOkano |
| author_sort | Hironori eKawahara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of short-length (~22 nt) non-coding RNA. Most miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and processed by Drosha-DGCR8 and Dicer complexes in the cropping and dicing steps, respectively. miRNAs are exported by exportin-5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after cropping. Trimmed mature miRNA is loaded and targets mRNA at the 3' or 5' untranslated region (UTR) by recognition of base-pairing in the miRNA-loaded RISC, where it is involved in gene silencing including translational repression and/or degradation along with deadenylation. Recent studies have shown that miRNA participates in various biological functions including cell fate decision, developmental timing regulation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Analyses of miRNA expression profiles have demonstrated tissue- and stage-specific miRNAs including the let-7 family, miR-124, and miR-9, which regulate the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and/or neurogenesis. This review focuses on RNA-binding protein-mediated miRNA biogenesis during neurogenesis. These proteins have also been linked to human diseases because their mutations can cause several nervous system disorders. Moreover, defects in core proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis including Drosha, DGCR8, and Dicer promote tumorigenesis. Thus, the study of not only mature miRNA function but also miRNA biogenesis steps is likely to be important. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:45:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e50e099675334ab291c7ef91b2f8eea8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:45:18Z |
| publishDate | 2012-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-e50e099675334ab291c7ef91b2f8eea82022-12-21T17:14:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2012-03-01610.3389/fnins.2012.0003017328MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesisHironori eKawahara0Hironori eKawahara1Takao eImai2Hideyuki eOkano3University of Pennsylvania school of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineMicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of short-length (~22 nt) non-coding RNA. Most miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and processed by Drosha-DGCR8 and Dicer complexes in the cropping and dicing steps, respectively. miRNAs are exported by exportin-5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after cropping. Trimmed mature miRNA is loaded and targets mRNA at the 3' or 5' untranslated region (UTR) by recognition of base-pairing in the miRNA-loaded RISC, where it is involved in gene silencing including translational repression and/or degradation along with deadenylation. Recent studies have shown that miRNA participates in various biological functions including cell fate decision, developmental timing regulation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Analyses of miRNA expression profiles have demonstrated tissue- and stage-specific miRNAs including the let-7 family, miR-124, and miR-9, which regulate the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and/or neurogenesis. This review focuses on RNA-binding protein-mediated miRNA biogenesis during neurogenesis. These proteins have also been linked to human diseases because their mutations can cause several nervous system disorders. Moreover, defects in core proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis including Drosha, DGCR8, and Dicer promote tumorigenesis. Thus, the study of not only mature miRNA function but also miRNA biogenesis steps is likely to be important.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2012.00030/fullNeural Stem CellsNeurogenesisLet-7Lin28microRNA biogenesisMusashi1 |
| spellingShingle | Hironori eKawahara Hironori eKawahara Takao eImai Hideyuki eOkano MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis Frontiers in Neuroscience Neural Stem Cells Neurogenesis Let-7 Lin28 microRNA biogenesis Musashi1 |
| title | MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| title_full | MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| title_fullStr | MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| title_short | MicroRNAs in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| title_sort | micrornas in neural stem cells and neurogenesis |
| topic | Neural Stem Cells Neurogenesis Let-7 Lin28 microRNA biogenesis Musashi1 |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2012.00030/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hironoriekawahara micrornasinneuralstemcellsandneurogenesis AT hironoriekawahara micrornasinneuralstemcellsandneurogenesis AT takaoeimai micrornasinneuralstemcellsandneurogenesis AT hideyukieokano micrornasinneuralstemcellsandneurogenesis |