Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation
Halogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halog...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4593 |
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| author | Mahshid Heidarrezaei Hoofar Shokravi Fahrul Huyop Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor Michal Petrů |
| author_facet | Mahshid Heidarrezaei Hoofar Shokravi Fahrul Huyop Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor Michal Petrů |
| author_sort | Mahshid Heidarrezaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Halogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halogenated compounds that are carcinogenic to humans and animals. The bacterium was isolated from the northern coastline of Johor Strait. In this study, the ability of strain MH2 to biodegrade TCA was evaluated by a growth experiment and dehalogenase enzyme assay. The growth profile of the isolated strain was examined. The doubling time for <i>L. boronitolerans</i> MH2 was found to be 32 h. The release of chloride ion in the degradation process was measured at 0.33 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ± 0.03 mol∙L<sup>−1</sup> after 96 h when the growth curve had reached its maximum within the late bacterial exponential phase. The results showed that the strain had a promising ability to degrade TCA by producing dehalogenase enzyme when cell-free extracts were prepared from growth on TCA as the sole carbon source with enzyme-specific activity, 1.1 ± 0.05 µmolCl<sup>−</sup>min<sup>−1</sup>∙mg<sup>−1</sup> protein. Furthermore, the morphological, and biochemical aspects of the isolated bacterium were studied to identify and characterize the strain. The morphological observation of the isolated bacterium was seen to be a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, heterotrophic, and spore-forming bacterium. The amplification of the 16S rRNA and gene analysis results indicated that the isolated bacterium had 98% similarity to <i>Lysinibacillus boronitolerans</i>. The morphological and biochemical tests supported the 16S rRNA gene amplification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this genus of bacteria to degrade this type of halogenated compound. |
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| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e51771c5f00d4c448e689922756d98c72023-11-20T05:38:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-07-011013459310.3390/app10134593Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid BioremediationMahshid Heidarrezaei0Hoofar Shokravi1Fahrul Huyop2Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor3Michal Petrů4Department of Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaDepartment of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, MalaysiaInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicHalogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halogenated compounds that are carcinogenic to humans and animals. The bacterium was isolated from the northern coastline of Johor Strait. In this study, the ability of strain MH2 to biodegrade TCA was evaluated by a growth experiment and dehalogenase enzyme assay. The growth profile of the isolated strain was examined. The doubling time for <i>L. boronitolerans</i> MH2 was found to be 32 h. The release of chloride ion in the degradation process was measured at 0.33 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ± 0.03 mol∙L<sup>−1</sup> after 96 h when the growth curve had reached its maximum within the late bacterial exponential phase. The results showed that the strain had a promising ability to degrade TCA by producing dehalogenase enzyme when cell-free extracts were prepared from growth on TCA as the sole carbon source with enzyme-specific activity, 1.1 ± 0.05 µmolCl<sup>−</sup>min<sup>−1</sup>∙mg<sup>−1</sup> protein. Furthermore, the morphological, and biochemical aspects of the isolated bacterium were studied to identify and characterize the strain. The morphological observation of the isolated bacterium was seen to be a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, heterotrophic, and spore-forming bacterium. The amplification of the 16S rRNA and gene analysis results indicated that the isolated bacterium had 98% similarity to <i>Lysinibacillus boronitolerans</i>. The morphological and biochemical tests supported the 16S rRNA gene amplification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this genus of bacteria to degrade this type of halogenated compound.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4593biodegradationdehalogenase-producing bacteriahaloalkanoic acidstrichloroacetic acid16S rRNA<i>Lysinibacillus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Mahshid Heidarrezaei Hoofar Shokravi Fahrul Huyop Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor Michal Petrů Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation Applied Sciences biodegradation dehalogenase-producing bacteria haloalkanoic acids trichloroacetic acid 16S rRNA <i>Lysinibacillus</i> |
| title | Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation |
| title_full | Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation |
| title_short | Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation |
| title_sort | isolation and characterization of a novel bacterium from the marine environment for trichloroacetic acid bioremediation |
| topic | biodegradation dehalogenase-producing bacteria haloalkanoic acids trichloroacetic acid 16S rRNA <i>Lysinibacillus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4593 |
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