On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis
The prediction of ocean waves is a highly challenging task in coastal and water engineering in general due to their very high randomness. In the present case study, an analysis of wind, sea flow features, and wave height in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, especially in the off-coast sea wate...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/6/843 |
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| author | Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama Tayeb Sadeghifar Masoud Torabi Azad Parveen Sihag Ozgur Kisi |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama Tayeb Sadeghifar Masoud Torabi Azad Parveen Sihag Ozgur Kisi |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prediction of ocean waves is a highly challenging task in coastal and water engineering in general due to their very high randomness. In the present case study, an analysis of wind, sea flow features, and wave height in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, especially in the off-coast sea waters of Mazandaran Province in Northern Iran, was performed. Satellite altimetry-based significant wave heights associated with the period of observation in 2016 were validated based on those measured at a buoy station in the same year. The comparative analysis between them showed that satellite-based wave heights are highly correlated to buoy data, as testified by a high coefficient of correlation r (0.87), low Bias (0.063 m), and root-mean-squared error (0.071 m). It was possible to assess that the dominant wave direction in the study area was northwest. Considering the main factors affecting wind-induced waves, the atmospheric framework in the examined sea region with high pressure was identified as the main factor to be taken into account in the formation of waves. The outcomes of the present research provide an interesting methodological tool for obtaining and processing accurate wave height estimations in such an intricate flow playground as the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:15:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e520563cf6474a4b98fdace20ad85a2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:15:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e520563cf6474a4b98fdace20ad85a2a2023-11-30T22:48:03ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-03-0114684310.3390/w14060843On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative AnalysisGiuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama0Tayeb Sadeghifar1Masoud Torabi Azad2Parveen Sihag3Ozgur Kisi4Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Marine Physics, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, IranDepartment of Physical Oceanography, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Teheran 14515-775, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarhi University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, 23562 Lübeck, GermanyThe prediction of ocean waves is a highly challenging task in coastal and water engineering in general due to their very high randomness. In the present case study, an analysis of wind, sea flow features, and wave height in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, especially in the off-coast sea waters of Mazandaran Province in Northern Iran, was performed. Satellite altimetry-based significant wave heights associated with the period of observation in 2016 were validated based on those measured at a buoy station in the same year. The comparative analysis between them showed that satellite-based wave heights are highly correlated to buoy data, as testified by a high coefficient of correlation r (0.87), low Bias (0.063 m), and root-mean-squared error (0.071 m). It was possible to assess that the dominant wave direction in the study area was northwest. Considering the main factors affecting wind-induced waves, the atmospheric framework in the examined sea region with high pressure was identified as the main factor to be taken into account in the formation of waves. The outcomes of the present research provide an interesting methodological tool for obtaining and processing accurate wave height estimations in such an intricate flow playground as the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/6/843Caspian Sea regionwind wavesremote sensingsignificant wave heightcoastal areasbuoy wave data |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Francesco Cesare Lama Tayeb Sadeghifar Masoud Torabi Azad Parveen Sihag Ozgur Kisi On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis Water Caspian Sea region wind waves remote sensing significant wave height coastal areas buoy wave data |
| title | On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis |
| title_full | On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis |
| title_fullStr | On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis |
| title_short | On the Indirect Estimation of Wind Wave Heights over the Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea: A Comparative Analysis |
| title_sort | on the indirect estimation of wind wave heights over the southern coasts of caspian sea a comparative analysis |
| topic | Caspian Sea region wind waves remote sensing significant wave height coastal areas buoy wave data |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/6/843 |
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