| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p><it>Streptococcus bovis </it>(<it>S. bovis</it>) bacteria are associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma. <it>S. bovis </it>is currently named <it>S. gallolyticus</it>. 25 to 80% of patients with <it>S. bovis/gallolyticus </it>bacteremia have concomitant colorectal tumors. Colonic neoplasia may arise years after the presentation of bacteremia or infectious endocarditis of <it>S. bovis/gallolyticus</it>. The presence of <it>S. bovis/gallolyticus </it>bacteremia and/or endocarditis is also related to the presence of villous or tubular-villous adenomas in the large intestine. In addition, serological relationship of <it>S. gallolyticus </it>with colorectal tumors and direct colonization of <it>S. gallolyticus </it>in tissues of colorectal tumors were found. However, this association is still under controversy and has long been underestimated. Moreover, the etiological versus non-etiological nature of this associationis not settled yet. Therefore, by covering the most of up to date studies, this review attempts to clarify the nature and the core of <it>S. bovis/gallolyicus </it>association with colorectal tumors and analyze the possible underlying mechanisms.</p>
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