New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that is widely distributed and conserved across species. We have previously shown that in teleost fish, PACAP not only possesses direct antimicrobial properties but also immunomodulatory effects against the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/10/1484 |
| _version_ | 1797574983098040320 |
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| author | Janet Velázquez Tania Rodríguez-Cornejo Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Geysi Pérez-Rodríguez Laura Rivera James Hugh Campbell Lowia Al-Hussinee Yamila Carpio Mario Pablo Estrada Brian Dixon |
| author_facet | Janet Velázquez Tania Rodríguez-Cornejo Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Geysi Pérez-Rodríguez Laura Rivera James Hugh Campbell Lowia Al-Hussinee Yamila Carpio Mario Pablo Estrada Brian Dixon |
| author_sort | Janet Velázquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that is widely distributed and conserved across species. We have previously shown that in teleost fish, PACAP not only possesses direct antimicrobial properties but also immunomodulatory effects against the bacterial pathogens <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using in vitro and in vivo experiments. These previous results suggest PACAP can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent and/or treat bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry. To accomplish this goal, more studies are needed to better understand the effect of PACAP on pathogens affecting fish in live infections. In the present study, the transcripts PACAP, PRP/PACAP, and VPAC2 receptor were examined in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) naturally infected with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, which exhibited an increase in their expression in the spleen when compared to healthy fish. Synthetic <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> PACAP-38 has direct antimicrobial activity on <i>Y. ruckeri</i> and inhibits up to 60% of the bacterial growth when the peptide is at concentrations between 50 and 100 µM in TSB. The growth inhibition increased up to 90% in the presence of 12.5 µM of PACAP-38 when salt-free LB broth was used instead of TSB. It was also found to inhibit <i>Y. ruckeri</i> growth in a dose-dependent manner when the rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RTS11) was pre-treated with lower concentrations of the peptide (0.02 and 0.1 µM) before going through infection. Differential gene expression was analyzed in this in vitro model. Overall, the results revealed new evidence to support the role of PACAP as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide treatment in teleosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:29:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e536e9325fbd46b9a322cf7aa8bc7a85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:29:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e536e9325fbd46b9a322cf7aa8bc7a852023-11-19T15:26:09ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-09-011210148410.3390/antibiotics12101484New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost FishJanet Velázquez0Tania Rodríguez-Cornejo1Tania Rodríguez-Ramos2Geysi Pérez-Rodríguez3Laura Rivera4James Hugh Campbell5Lowia Al-Hussinee6Yamila Carpio7Mario Pablo Estrada8Brian Dixon9Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, CubaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, CubaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, CubaAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, CubaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that is widely distributed and conserved across species. We have previously shown that in teleost fish, PACAP not only possesses direct antimicrobial properties but also immunomodulatory effects against the bacterial pathogens <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using in vitro and in vivo experiments. These previous results suggest PACAP can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent and/or treat bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry. To accomplish this goal, more studies are needed to better understand the effect of PACAP on pathogens affecting fish in live infections. In the present study, the transcripts PACAP, PRP/PACAP, and VPAC2 receptor were examined in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) naturally infected with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, which exhibited an increase in their expression in the spleen when compared to healthy fish. Synthetic <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> PACAP-38 has direct antimicrobial activity on <i>Y. ruckeri</i> and inhibits up to 60% of the bacterial growth when the peptide is at concentrations between 50 and 100 µM in TSB. The growth inhibition increased up to 90% in the presence of 12.5 µM of PACAP-38 when salt-free LB broth was used instead of TSB. It was also found to inhibit <i>Y. ruckeri</i> growth in a dose-dependent manner when the rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RTS11) was pre-treated with lower concentrations of the peptide (0.02 and 0.1 µM) before going through infection. Differential gene expression was analyzed in this in vitro model. Overall, the results revealed new evidence to support the role of PACAP as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide treatment in teleosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/10/1484antibacterial activityPACAPrainbow troutRTS11<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| spellingShingle | Janet Velázquez Tania Rodríguez-Cornejo Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Geysi Pérez-Rodríguez Laura Rivera James Hugh Campbell Lowia Al-Hussinee Yamila Carpio Mario Pablo Estrada Brian Dixon New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish Antibiotics antibacterial activity PACAP rainbow trout RTS11 <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title | New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish |
| title_full | New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish |
| title_fullStr | New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish |
| title_short | New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish |
| title_sort | new evidence for the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide as an antimicrobial peptide in teleost fish |
| topic | antibacterial activity PACAP rainbow trout RTS11 <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/10/1484 |
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