Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review
Some specific dietary patterns improve glycaemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors better than others. We aimed to identify the most effective dietary patterns using a food-focused approach to improve blood glucose management (primary outcome) and cardiovascular risk factors (secondary outcome)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/861 |
| _version_ | 1797618917565267968 |
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| author | Cathryn Whiteley Fiona Benton Louisa Matwiejczyk Natalie Luscombe-Marsh |
| author_facet | Cathryn Whiteley Fiona Benton Louisa Matwiejczyk Natalie Luscombe-Marsh |
| author_sort | Cathryn Whiteley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Some specific dietary patterns improve glycaemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors better than others. We aimed to identify the most effective dietary patterns using a food-focused approach to improve blood glucose management (primary outcome) and cardiovascular risk factors (secondary outcome) in people with type 2 diabetes. An umbrella review was conducted comparing dietary patterns for the management of these outcomes. Studies published between 2012 and 2022 were identified using PubMed Central, ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Thirty systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of thirty reviews quantitated (via meta-analyses of over 212 randomised control trials) the effect size of different dietary patterns. Twelve reviews found Low-carbohydrate (LC), Mediterranean (M), Plant-based (PB), and/or Low-glycaemic Index (LGI) diets reduced HbA1c moderately more than control diets (typically a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet) (i.e., LC: −0.1 to −0.5%; M: −0.3 to −0.5%; PB: −0.2 to −0.4%; LGI −0.2 to −0.5%; all <i>p</i>-value < 0.01). We conclude that Low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, Plant-based, and Low-glycaemic Index dietary patterns are all clinically effective for people with type 2 diabetes as alternatives to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets typically used for managing glycaemic levels and CVD risk. However, quality evidence about the sustainability of effects and safety remains limited, warranting future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:20:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5377996f9aa4c43bd006f5ec7ad1192 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:20:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5377996f9aa4c43bd006f5ec7ad11922023-11-16T22:29:58ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-02-0115486110.3390/nu15040861Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella ReviewCathryn Whiteley0Fiona Benton1Louisa Matwiejczyk2Natalie Luscombe-Marsh3Research and Program Development, Diabetes SA, Hilton, SA 5033, AustraliaResearch and Program Development, Diabetes SA, Hilton, SA 5033, AustraliaCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, AustraliaResearch and Program Development, Diabetes SA, Hilton, SA 5033, AustraliaSome specific dietary patterns improve glycaemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors better than others. We aimed to identify the most effective dietary patterns using a food-focused approach to improve blood glucose management (primary outcome) and cardiovascular risk factors (secondary outcome) in people with type 2 diabetes. An umbrella review was conducted comparing dietary patterns for the management of these outcomes. Studies published between 2012 and 2022 were identified using PubMed Central, ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Thirty systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of thirty reviews quantitated (via meta-analyses of over 212 randomised control trials) the effect size of different dietary patterns. Twelve reviews found Low-carbohydrate (LC), Mediterranean (M), Plant-based (PB), and/or Low-glycaemic Index (LGI) diets reduced HbA1c moderately more than control diets (typically a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet) (i.e., LC: −0.1 to −0.5%; M: −0.3 to −0.5%; PB: −0.2 to −0.4%; LGI −0.2 to −0.5%; all <i>p</i>-value < 0.01). We conclude that Low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, Plant-based, and Low-glycaemic Index dietary patterns are all clinically effective for people with type 2 diabetes as alternatives to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets typically used for managing glycaemic levels and CVD risk. However, quality evidence about the sustainability of effects and safety remains limited, warranting future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/861dietary patternstype 2 diabetesumbrella reviewglycaemiaadults |
| spellingShingle | Cathryn Whiteley Fiona Benton Louisa Matwiejczyk Natalie Luscombe-Marsh Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review Nutrients dietary patterns type 2 diabetes umbrella review glycaemia adults |
| title | Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review |
| title_full | Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review |
| title_fullStr | Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review |
| title_short | Determining Dietary Patterns to Recommend for Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review |
| title_sort | determining dietary patterns to recommend for type 2 diabetes an umbrella review |
| topic | dietary patterns type 2 diabetes umbrella review glycaemia adults |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/861 |
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