Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton)
The impact of the growth environment on the production of health-promoting phytochemicals in cranberry fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) is not well established despite increased production worldwide. We investigated the secondary metabolite composition among the cranberry fruit...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3595 |
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| author | Liang Xue Maureen Otieno Kimberly Colson Catherine Neto |
| author_facet | Liang Xue Maureen Otieno Kimberly Colson Catherine Neto |
| author_sort | Liang Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of the growth environment on the production of health-promoting phytochemicals in cranberry fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) is not well established despite increased production worldwide. We investigated the secondary metabolite composition among the cranberry fruit of nine cultivars produced in two major coastal North American growing regions that differ in climate. Using <sup>1</sup>H NOESY NMR to generate metabolic fingerprints, principal component analysis revealed variation between the two regions and identified likely contributing metabolites. Triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid, as well as citric and malic acids, were quantified using <sup>1</sup>H qNMR, and anthocyanins and flavonols were determined by HPLC-DAD. Total proanthocyanidins (PACs), total soluble phenolics, and DPPH free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Across all cultivars, anthocyanins, flavonols, and total phenolic content were significantly higher in West Coast fruit than East Coast fruit, correlating with a regional trend of higher antioxidant activity in fruit grown on the West Coast. The opposite trend was observed for triterpenoids and organic acids, which were significantly higher across cultivars in East Coast fruit. These trends persisted over two growing seasons. The study demonstrates that climate plays an important role in the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in cranberry plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e53ead8606de45d2b3902f5aa859d430 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e53ead8606de45d2b3902f5aa859d4302023-11-19T17:49:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-10-011220359510.3390/plants12203595Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton)Liang Xue0Maureen Otieno1Kimberly Colson2Catherine Neto3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USABruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, MA 01821, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USAThe impact of the growth environment on the production of health-promoting phytochemicals in cranberry fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) is not well established despite increased production worldwide. We investigated the secondary metabolite composition among the cranberry fruit of nine cultivars produced in two major coastal North American growing regions that differ in climate. Using <sup>1</sup>H NOESY NMR to generate metabolic fingerprints, principal component analysis revealed variation between the two regions and identified likely contributing metabolites. Triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid, as well as citric and malic acids, were quantified using <sup>1</sup>H qNMR, and anthocyanins and flavonols were determined by HPLC-DAD. Total proanthocyanidins (PACs), total soluble phenolics, and DPPH free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Across all cultivars, anthocyanins, flavonols, and total phenolic content were significantly higher in West Coast fruit than East Coast fruit, correlating with a regional trend of higher antioxidant activity in fruit grown on the West Coast. The opposite trend was observed for triterpenoids and organic acids, which were significantly higher across cultivars in East Coast fruit. These trends persisted over two growing seasons. The study demonstrates that climate plays an important role in the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in cranberry plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3595cranberry<i>Vaccinium</i>flavonoidsantioxidanttriterpenoidsanti-inflammatory |
| spellingShingle | Liang Xue Maureen Otieno Kimberly Colson Catherine Neto Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) Plants cranberry <i>Vaccinium</i> flavonoids antioxidant triterpenoids anti-inflammatory |
| title | Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) |
| title_full | Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) |
| title_fullStr | Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) |
| title_short | Influence of the Growing Region on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of North American Cranberry Fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Aiton) |
| title_sort | influence of the growing region on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of north american cranberry fruit i vaccinium macrocarpon i aiton |
| topic | cranberry <i>Vaccinium</i> flavonoids antioxidant triterpenoids anti-inflammatory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3595 |
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