Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars
Carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in several fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, energy, catalysis, diagnostics, and nanomedicine. Recently, a new class of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs), have attracted much attention due to their easy and inexpensive synt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/885 |
| _version_ | 1797474260530233344 |
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| author | Giuseppe Nocito Emanuele Luigi Sciuto Domenico Franco Francesco Nastasi Luca Pulvirenti Salvatore Petralia Corrado Spinella Giovanna Calabrese Salvatore Guglielmino Sabrina Conoci |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Nocito Emanuele Luigi Sciuto Domenico Franco Francesco Nastasi Luca Pulvirenti Salvatore Petralia Corrado Spinella Giovanna Calabrese Salvatore Guglielmino Sabrina Conoci |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Nocito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in several fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, energy, catalysis, diagnostics, and nanomedicine. Recently, a new class of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs), have attracted much attention due to their easy and inexpensive synthesis from a wide range of precursors and fascinating physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this work we have developed CDs derived from olive solid wastes of two Mediterranean regions, Puglia (CDs_P) and Calabria (CDs_C) and evaluated them in terms of their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa)</i>. Results show the nanosystems have a quasi-spherical shape of 12–18 nm in size for CDs_P and 15–20 nm in size for CDs_C. UV–Vis characterization indicates a broad absorption band with two main peaks at about 270 nm and 300 nm, respectively, attributed to the π-π* and n-π* transitions of the CDs, respectively. Both samples show photoluminescence (PL) spectra excitation-dependent with a maximum at λ<sub>em</sub> = 420 nm (λ<sub>exc</sub> = 300 nm) for CDs_P and a red-shifted at λ<sub>em</sub> = 445 nm (λ<sub>exc</sub> = 300 nm) for CDs_C. Band gaps values of ≈ 1.48 eV for CDs_P and ≈ 1.53 eV for CDs_C are in agreement with semiconductor behaviour. ζ potential measures show very negative values for CDs_C compared to CDs_P (three times higher, −38 mV vs. −18 mV at pH = 7). The evaluation of the antibacterial properties highlights that both CDs have higher antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive than to Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, CDs_C exhibit bactericidal behaviour at concentrations of 360, 240, and 120 µg/mL, while lesser activity was found for CDs_P (bacterial cell reduction of only 30% at the highest concentration of 360 µg/mL). This finding was correlated to the higher surface charge of CDs_C compared to CDs_P. Further investigations are in progress to confirm this hypothesis and to gain insight on the antibacterial mechanism of both cultivars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:27:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e54509d666bb44b48c1793eb423f2a28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:27:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e54509d666bb44b48c1793eb423f2a282023-11-23T23:31:41ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-03-0112588510.3390/nano12050885Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste CultivarsGiuseppe Nocito0Emanuele Luigi Sciuto1Domenico Franco2Francesco Nastasi3Luca Pulvirenti4Salvatore Petralia5Corrado Spinella6Giovanna Calabrese7Salvatore Guglielmino8Sabrina Conoci9Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyIstituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) Zona Industriale, VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, ItalyCarbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in several fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, energy, catalysis, diagnostics, and nanomedicine. Recently, a new class of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs), have attracted much attention due to their easy and inexpensive synthesis from a wide range of precursors and fascinating physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this work we have developed CDs derived from olive solid wastes of two Mediterranean regions, Puglia (CDs_P) and Calabria (CDs_C) and evaluated them in terms of their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa)</i>. Results show the nanosystems have a quasi-spherical shape of 12–18 nm in size for CDs_P and 15–20 nm in size for CDs_C. UV–Vis characterization indicates a broad absorption band with two main peaks at about 270 nm and 300 nm, respectively, attributed to the π-π* and n-π* transitions of the CDs, respectively. Both samples show photoluminescence (PL) spectra excitation-dependent with a maximum at λ<sub>em</sub> = 420 nm (λ<sub>exc</sub> = 300 nm) for CDs_P and a red-shifted at λ<sub>em</sub> = 445 nm (λ<sub>exc</sub> = 300 nm) for CDs_C. Band gaps values of ≈ 1.48 eV for CDs_P and ≈ 1.53 eV for CDs_C are in agreement with semiconductor behaviour. ζ potential measures show very negative values for CDs_C compared to CDs_P (three times higher, −38 mV vs. −18 mV at pH = 7). The evaluation of the antibacterial properties highlights that both CDs have higher antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive than to Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, CDs_C exhibit bactericidal behaviour at concentrations of 360, 240, and 120 µg/mL, while lesser activity was found for CDs_P (bacterial cell reduction of only 30% at the highest concentration of 360 µg/mL). This finding was correlated to the higher surface charge of CDs_C compared to CDs_P. Further investigations are in progress to confirm this hypothesis and to gain insight on the antibacterial mechanism of both cultivars.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/885carbon dotsgreen synthesisantibacterial properties<i>S. aureus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Nocito Emanuele Luigi Sciuto Domenico Franco Francesco Nastasi Luca Pulvirenti Salvatore Petralia Corrado Spinella Giovanna Calabrese Salvatore Guglielmino Sabrina Conoci Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars Nanomaterials carbon dots green synthesis antibacterial properties <i>S. aureus</i> |
| title | Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars |
| title_full | Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars |
| title_short | Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars |
| title_sort | physicochemical characterization and antibacterial properties of carbon dots from two mediterranean olive solid waste cultivars |
| topic | carbon dots green synthesis antibacterial properties <i>S. aureus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/885 |
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