Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation significantly impacts living organisms. UV-C radiation can also be used as a pest management tool. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of UV-C radiation on the physiology and gene expression level of <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, a de...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9800 |
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| author | Muhammad Musa Khan Ze-Yun Fan Irfan Ali Sabir Muhammad Hafeez Sang Wen Jian-Hui Wu Bao-Li Qiu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Musa Khan Ze-Yun Fan Irfan Ali Sabir Muhammad Hafeez Sang Wen Jian-Hui Wu Bao-Li Qiu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Musa Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation significantly impacts living organisms. UV-C radiation can also be used as a pest management tool. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of UV-C radiation on the physiology and gene expression level of <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, a destructive vegetable pest. Results showed that, after exposure to UV-C radiation for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) of <i>P. xylostella</i> increased, while the activity of PPO (polyphenol oxidase), POD (peroxidase), AChE (acetylcholinesterase), CarE (carboxylesterase), and ACP (acid phosphatase) decreased with increased exposure time. Correlation coefficient analyses indicated that the activity of CAT correlated positively, while PPO and CarE correlated negatively, with exposure time. Gene regulation analysis via qRT-PCR confirmed a significant increase in regulation in <i>CAT</i>, <i>CarE</i>, and <i>PPO</i>-related genes. We also investigated the effect of UV-C exposure on the virulence of <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>P. xylostella</i>. Here, results indicated that when the fungal treatment was applied to larvae before UV-C radiation, the virulence of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> was significantly reduced. However, this decline in virulence of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> due to UV-C exposure remained only for one generation, and no effect was observed on secondary infection. On the other hand, when larvae were exposed to UV-C radiation before fungal application, the mortality rate significantly increased as the exposure time to UV-C radiation increased. From the current study, it could be concluded that UV-C exposure suppressed the immunity to <i>P. xylostella,</i> which later enhanced the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the study also suggested that UV irradiation is an effective pest management tool that could be incorporated into pest management strategies, which could help reduce pesticide application, be economically beneficial for the farmer, and be environmentally safe. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:45:41Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e54991c5c26643b5805a0730f8da3a602023-11-23T13:17:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012317980010.3390/ijms23179800Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>Muhammad Musa Khan0Ze-Yun Fan1Irfan Ali Sabir2Muhammad Hafeez3Sang Wen4Jian-Hui Wu5Bao-Li Qiu6Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaUltraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation significantly impacts living organisms. UV-C radiation can also be used as a pest management tool. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of UV-C radiation on the physiology and gene expression level of <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, a destructive vegetable pest. Results showed that, after exposure to UV-C radiation for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) of <i>P. xylostella</i> increased, while the activity of PPO (polyphenol oxidase), POD (peroxidase), AChE (acetylcholinesterase), CarE (carboxylesterase), and ACP (acid phosphatase) decreased with increased exposure time. Correlation coefficient analyses indicated that the activity of CAT correlated positively, while PPO and CarE correlated negatively, with exposure time. Gene regulation analysis via qRT-PCR confirmed a significant increase in regulation in <i>CAT</i>, <i>CarE</i>, and <i>PPO</i>-related genes. We also investigated the effect of UV-C exposure on the virulence of <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>P. xylostella</i>. Here, results indicated that when the fungal treatment was applied to larvae before UV-C radiation, the virulence of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> was significantly reduced. However, this decline in virulence of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> due to UV-C exposure remained only for one generation, and no effect was observed on secondary infection. On the other hand, when larvae were exposed to UV-C radiation before fungal application, the mortality rate significantly increased as the exposure time to UV-C radiation increased. From the current study, it could be concluded that UV-C exposure suppressed the immunity to <i>P. xylostella,</i> which later enhanced the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the study also suggested that UV irradiation is an effective pest management tool that could be incorporated into pest management strategies, which could help reduce pesticide application, be economically beneficial for the farmer, and be environmentally safe.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9800UV-C radiationvirulenceantioxidant enzymedetoxification enzymeqRT-PCRentomopathogenic fungi |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Musa Khan Ze-Yun Fan Irfan Ali Sabir Muhammad Hafeez Sang Wen Jian-Hui Wu Bao-Li Qiu Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences UV-C radiation virulence antioxidant enzyme detoxification enzyme qRT-PCR entomopathogenic fungi |
| title | Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> |
| title_full | Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> |
| title_short | Physiological and Molecular Response Modifications by Ultraviolet-C Radiation in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> and Its Compatibility with <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> |
| title_sort | physiological and molecular response modifications by ultraviolet c radiation in i plutella xylostella i and its compatibility with i cordyceps fumosorosea i |
| topic | UV-C radiation virulence antioxidant enzyme detoxification enzyme qRT-PCR entomopathogenic fungi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/9800 |
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