Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey
The deposit occurs in a mid-Miocene monzonite magmatic complex represented by three different intrusions, namely Intrusion 1 (INT#1), Intrusion 2 (INT#2, INT #2A), and Intrusion 3 (INT#3). Gold mineralization is hosted in all intrusions, but INT#1 is the best mineralized body followed by INT#2. SEM-...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/1/64 |
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| author | Nurullah Hanilçi Gülcan Bozkaya David A. Banks Ömer Bozkaya Vsevolod Prokofiev Yücel Öztaş |
| author_facet | Nurullah Hanilçi Gülcan Bozkaya David A. Banks Ömer Bozkaya Vsevolod Prokofiev Yücel Öztaş |
| author_sort | Nurullah Hanilçi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The deposit occurs in a mid-Miocene monzonite magmatic complex represented by three different intrusions, namely Intrusion 1 (INT#1), Intrusion 2 (INT#2, INT #2A), and Intrusion 3 (INT#3). Gold mineralization is hosted in all intrusions, but INT#1 is the best mineralized body followed by INT#2. SEM-CL imaging has identified two different veins (V1 and V2) and four distinct generations of quartz formation in the different intrusions. These are: (i) CL-light gray, mosaic-equigranular quartz (Q1), (ii) CL-gray or CL-bright quartz (Q2) that dissolved and was overgrown on Q1, (iii) CL-dark and CL-gray growth zoned quartz (Q3), and (iv) CL-dark or CL-gray micro-fracture quartz fillings (Q4). Fluid inclusion studies show that the gold-hosted early phase Q1 quartz of V1 and V2 veins in INT#1 and INT#2 was precipitated at high temperatures (between 424 and 594 °C). The coexisting and similar ranges of T<sub>h</sub> values of vapor-rich (low salinity, from 1% to 7% NaCl equiv.) and halite-bearing (high salinity: >30% NaCl) fluid inclusions in Q1 indicates that the magmatic fluid had separated into vapor and high salinity liquid along the appropriate isotherm. Fluid inclusions in Q2 quartz in INT#1 and INT#2 were trapped at lower temperatures between 303 and 380 °C and had lower salinities between 3% and 20% NaCl equiv. The zoned Q3 quartz accompanied by pyrite in V2 veins of both INT#2 and INT#3 precipitated at temperatures between 310 and 373 °C with a salinity range from 5.4% to 10% NaCl eq. The latest generation of fracture filling Q4 quartz, cuts the earlier generations with fluid inclusion T<sub>h</sub> temperature range from 257 to 333 °C and salinity range from 3% to 12.5% NaCl equiv. The low salinity and low formation temperature of Q4 may be due to the mixing of meteoric water with the hydrothermal system, or late-stage epithermal overprinting. The separation of the magmatic fluid into vapor and aqueous saline pairs in the Q1 quartz of the V1 vein of the INT#1 and INT#2 and CO<sub>2</sub>-poor fluids indicates the shallow formation of the Kışladağ porphyry gold deposit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:57:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e54a7b4fa7f8402f95e1b3a9a3f77338 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:57:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e54a7b4fa7f8402f95e1b3a9a3f773382022-12-22T03:15:16ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2020-01-011016410.3390/min10010064min10010064Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western TurkeyNurullah Hanilçi0Gülcan Bozkaya1David A. Banks2Ömer Bozkaya3Vsevolod Prokofiev4Yücel Öztaş5Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, TurkeySchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKDepartment of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, TurkeyInstitute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, RussiaTÜPRAG Metal Madencilik, Ovacık Mevki Gümüşkol Köyü, Ulubey Merkez, 64902 Uşak, TurkeyThe deposit occurs in a mid-Miocene monzonite magmatic complex represented by three different intrusions, namely Intrusion 1 (INT#1), Intrusion 2 (INT#2, INT #2A), and Intrusion 3 (INT#3). Gold mineralization is hosted in all intrusions, but INT#1 is the best mineralized body followed by INT#2. SEM-CL imaging has identified two different veins (V1 and V2) and four distinct generations of quartz formation in the different intrusions. These are: (i) CL-light gray, mosaic-equigranular quartz (Q1), (ii) CL-gray or CL-bright quartz (Q2) that dissolved and was overgrown on Q1, (iii) CL-dark and CL-gray growth zoned quartz (Q3), and (iv) CL-dark or CL-gray micro-fracture quartz fillings (Q4). Fluid inclusion studies show that the gold-hosted early phase Q1 quartz of V1 and V2 veins in INT#1 and INT#2 was precipitated at high temperatures (between 424 and 594 °C). The coexisting and similar ranges of T<sub>h</sub> values of vapor-rich (low salinity, from 1% to 7% NaCl equiv.) and halite-bearing (high salinity: >30% NaCl) fluid inclusions in Q1 indicates that the magmatic fluid had separated into vapor and high salinity liquid along the appropriate isotherm. Fluid inclusions in Q2 quartz in INT#1 and INT#2 were trapped at lower temperatures between 303 and 380 °C and had lower salinities between 3% and 20% NaCl equiv. The zoned Q3 quartz accompanied by pyrite in V2 veins of both INT#2 and INT#3 precipitated at temperatures between 310 and 373 °C with a salinity range from 5.4% to 10% NaCl eq. The latest generation of fracture filling Q4 quartz, cuts the earlier generations with fluid inclusion T<sub>h</sub> temperature range from 257 to 333 °C and salinity range from 3% to 12.5% NaCl equiv. The low salinity and low formation temperature of Q4 may be due to the mixing of meteoric water with the hydrothermal system, or late-stage epithermal overprinting. The separation of the magmatic fluid into vapor and aqueous saline pairs in the Q1 quartz of the V1 vein of the INT#1 and INT#2 and CO<sub>2</sub>-poor fluids indicates the shallow formation of the Kışladağ porphyry gold deposit.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/1/64sem-cl imagingfluid inclusionporphyry au depositkışladağturkey |
| spellingShingle | Nurullah Hanilçi Gülcan Bozkaya David A. Banks Ömer Bozkaya Vsevolod Prokofiev Yücel Öztaş Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey Minerals sem-cl imaging fluid inclusion porphyry au deposit kışladağ turkey |
| title | Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey |
| title_full | Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey |
| title_fullStr | Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey |
| title_short | Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Kışladağ Porphyry Au Deposit, Western Turkey |
| title_sort | fluid inclusion characteristics of the kisladag porphyry au deposit western turkey |
| topic | sem-cl imaging fluid inclusion porphyry au deposit kışladağ turkey |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/1/64 |
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