Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required.
Elimination of sensory inputs (deprivation) modifies the properties of the sensory cortex and serves as a model for studying plasticity during postnatal development. Many studies on the effects of deprivation have been performed in the visual cortex using dark-rearing as a visual deprivation model....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2013.00170/full |
| _version_ | 1828334699199594496 |
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| author | Harkaitz eBengoetxea Naiara eOrtuzar Irantzu eRico-Barrio Jose Vicente Lafuente Enrike G Argandoña Enrike G Argandoña |
| author_facet | Harkaitz eBengoetxea Naiara eOrtuzar Irantzu eRico-Barrio Jose Vicente Lafuente Enrike G Argandoña Enrike G Argandoña |
| author_sort | Harkaitz eBengoetxea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elimination of sensory inputs (deprivation) modifies the properties of the sensory cortex and serves as a model for studying plasticity during postnatal development. Many studies on the effects of deprivation have been performed in the visual cortex using dark-rearing as a visual deprivation model. It induces changes in all cellular and molecular components, including astrocytes, which play an important role in the development, maintenance, and plasticity of the cortex, mediated by cytokines which have been termed angioglioneurins. When one sense is deprived, a compensatory mechanism called cross-modal plasticity increases performance in the remaining senses. Environmental enrichment is so far the best-known method to compensate sensorial deprivation. The aim of this work is to study the effects of exercise alone, and of an enriched environment combined with exercise, on astroglial population in order to observe the effects of exercise by itself, or the potential synergistic effect during the rat visual system development.Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in one of the following rearing conditions: in total darkness and enriched environment conditions with physical exercise, and in total darkness with voluntary physical exercise. Astrocytic density was estimated by immunohistochemistry for S-100β protein and quantifications were performed in layer IV. The somatosensorial cortex barrel field was also studied as control.Our main result shows that an enriched environment combined with voluntary physical exercise manages to reverse the negative effects induced by darkness over the astroglial population of both the visual and the somatosensory cortices. On the other hand, exercise alone only produces effects upon the astroglial population of the somatosensory cortex, and less so when combined with an enriched environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:36:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e54abcde5ab54c499f3833b7198f08b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:36:34Z |
| publishDate | 2013-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-e54abcde5ab54c499f3833b7198f08b52022-12-22T02:28:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022013-10-01710.3389/fncel.2013.0017055873Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required.Harkaitz eBengoetxea0Naiara eOrtuzar1Irantzu eRico-Barrio2Jose Vicente Lafuente3Enrike G Argandoña4Enrike G Argandoña5University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)University of FribourgElimination of sensory inputs (deprivation) modifies the properties of the sensory cortex and serves as a model for studying plasticity during postnatal development. Many studies on the effects of deprivation have been performed in the visual cortex using dark-rearing as a visual deprivation model. It induces changes in all cellular and molecular components, including astrocytes, which play an important role in the development, maintenance, and plasticity of the cortex, mediated by cytokines which have been termed angioglioneurins. When one sense is deprived, a compensatory mechanism called cross-modal plasticity increases performance in the remaining senses. Environmental enrichment is so far the best-known method to compensate sensorial deprivation. The aim of this work is to study the effects of exercise alone, and of an enriched environment combined with exercise, on astroglial population in order to observe the effects of exercise by itself, or the potential synergistic effect during the rat visual system development.Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in one of the following rearing conditions: in total darkness and enriched environment conditions with physical exercise, and in total darkness with voluntary physical exercise. Astrocytic density was estimated by immunohistochemistry for S-100β protein and quantifications were performed in layer IV. The somatosensorial cortex barrel field was also studied as control.Our main result shows that an enriched environment combined with voluntary physical exercise manages to reverse the negative effects induced by darkness over the astroglial population of both the visual and the somatosensory cortices. On the other hand, exercise alone only produces effects upon the astroglial population of the somatosensory cortex, and less so when combined with an enriched environment.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2013.00170/fullcritical periodcrossmodal plasticityenvironmental enrichmentphysical exerciseastrocytes.dark-rearing |
| spellingShingle | Harkaitz eBengoetxea Naiara eOrtuzar Irantzu eRico-Barrio Jose Vicente Lafuente Enrike G Argandoña Enrike G Argandoña Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience critical period crossmodal plasticity environmental enrichment physical exercise astrocytes. dark-rearing |
| title | Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. |
| title_full | Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. |
| title_fullStr | Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. |
| title_short | Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required. |
| title_sort | increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark rearing synergy with multisensory enrichment is required |
| topic | critical period crossmodal plasticity environmental enrichment physical exercise astrocytes. dark-rearing |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2013.00170/full |
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