Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials
The principal objective of the study was the isolation and identification of bacteria that are present in mature bee bread (BB) and dried (ready for selling and consumption) bee pollen (BP). Obtained isolates were screened for their potential to inhibit select human pathogenic bacteria and their abi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/713 |
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| author | Karolina Pełka Randy W. Worobo Justyna Walkusz Piotr Szweda |
| author_facet | Karolina Pełka Randy W. Worobo Justyna Walkusz Piotr Szweda |
| author_sort | Karolina Pełka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The principal objective of the study was the isolation and identification of bacteria that are present in mature bee bread (BB) and dried (ready for selling and consumption) bee pollen (BP). Obtained isolates were screened for their potential to inhibit select human pathogenic bacteria and their ability to produce enzymes of particular industrial importance. Four and five samples of BP and BB, respectively, were used for the study. In total, 81 strains of bacteria were isolated, and 34 (42%) of them exhibited antagonistic interactions with at least one reference strain of pathogenic bacteria, namely <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> 12228, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27857, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all strains producing antimicrobials belong to the genus <i>Bacillus</i> spp., and among them, five species were identified: <i>B. pumilus</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>B. altitudinis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>B. licheniformis</i> (<i>n</i> = 4), <i>B. subtilis</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), and <i>B. safensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Furthermore, 69, 54, 39, and 29 of the strains exhibited lipolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, and esterolytic activity, respectively. Alpha amylase and beta galactosidase activity were rarely observed, and none of the strains produced laccase. The outcomes of the study revealed that BP and BB can be considered potential sources of bacteria producing antimicrobial agents and/or enzymes of particular industrial importance. Of course, additional research is required to verify this hypothesis, but the results of preliminary studies are promising. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:26:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e567e9246b8e4de799e6bf85c09f6342 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:26:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e567e9246b8e4de799e6bf85c09f63422023-11-21T23:57:55ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-06-0110671310.3390/antibiotics10060713Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing AntimicrobialsKarolina Pełka0Randy W. Worobo1Justyna Walkusz2Piotr Szweda3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandThe principal objective of the study was the isolation and identification of bacteria that are present in mature bee bread (BB) and dried (ready for selling and consumption) bee pollen (BP). Obtained isolates were screened for their potential to inhibit select human pathogenic bacteria and their ability to produce enzymes of particular industrial importance. Four and five samples of BP and BB, respectively, were used for the study. In total, 81 strains of bacteria were isolated, and 34 (42%) of them exhibited antagonistic interactions with at least one reference strain of pathogenic bacteria, namely <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> 12228, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27857, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all strains producing antimicrobials belong to the genus <i>Bacillus</i> spp., and among them, five species were identified: <i>B. pumilus</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>B. altitudinis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>B. licheniformis</i> (<i>n</i> = 4), <i>B. subtilis</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), and <i>B. safensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Furthermore, 69, 54, 39, and 29 of the strains exhibited lipolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, and esterolytic activity, respectively. Alpha amylase and beta galactosidase activity were rarely observed, and none of the strains produced laccase. The outcomes of the study revealed that BP and BB can be considered potential sources of bacteria producing antimicrobial agents and/or enzymes of particular industrial importance. Of course, additional research is required to verify this hypothesis, but the results of preliminary studies are promising.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/713bee breadbee pollen<i>Bacillus</i> spp.enzymes |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Pełka Randy W. Worobo Justyna Walkusz Piotr Szweda Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials Antibiotics bee bread bee pollen <i>Bacillus</i> spp. enzymes |
| title | Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials |
| title_full | Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials |
| title_fullStr | Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials |
| title_short | Bee Pollen and Bee Bread as a Source of Bacteria Producing Antimicrobials |
| title_sort | bee pollen and bee bread as a source of bacteria producing antimicrobials |
| topic | bee bread bee pollen <i>Bacillus</i> spp. enzymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/6/713 |
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