Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways
Polyphenols and other compounds with antioxidant properties are found in plants and are one of the main antioxidants proven to reduce body weight and the risk of insulin resistance. Still, the mechanism behind the protective effects against obesity remains unclear. Thus, the study aims to assess the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2727 |
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| author | Young Yoon Min-Kyung Park Kyung-Hoon Kim Geum-Hwa Lee |
| author_facet | Young Yoon Min-Kyung Park Kyung-Hoon Kim Geum-Hwa Lee |
| author_sort | Young Yoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyphenols and other compounds with antioxidant properties are found in plants and are one of the main antioxidants proven to reduce body weight and the risk of insulin resistance. Still, the mechanism behind the protective effects against obesity remains unclear. Thus, the study aims to assess the impact of flavonoid-rich arriheuk extract, a purple wheat extract, on mitochondrial function using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigate the molecular mechanism behind its protective effects against adipogenesis and lipolysis. The study findings strongly indicate that arriheuk significantly suppressed triglyceride levels and inhibited the expression of transcription factors like C/EBPα and PPARγ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment with arriheuk suppressed the expression of SREBP1c and FAS proteins linked to lipogenesis. In addition, treatment with arriheuk extract decreased the mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, increased glycerol release, and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the arriheuk-mediated PGC-1α expression triggered mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting the AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression in adipocytes. Also, arriheuk suppressed adipogenesis and elicited browning through the AMPK- and SIRT1-associated pathways. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that arriheuk extract regulates browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by triggering the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, indicating the prospective applications of arriheuk as a functional food to control obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:05:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e56828b2ba4c4904be36a9c0bb120d8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:05:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-e56828b2ba4c4904be36a9c0bb120d8d2023-11-18T19:20:31ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-07-011214272710.3390/foods12142727Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling PathwaysYoung Yoon0Min-Kyung Park1Kyung-Hoon Kim2Geum-Hwa Lee3Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Doin 2-gil, Seongsu-myeon, Imsil-gun 55918, Republic of KoreaImsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Doin 2-gil, Seongsu-myeon, Imsil-gun 55918, Republic of KoreaNational Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaNon-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonjusi 54907, Republic of KoreaPolyphenols and other compounds with antioxidant properties are found in plants and are one of the main antioxidants proven to reduce body weight and the risk of insulin resistance. Still, the mechanism behind the protective effects against obesity remains unclear. Thus, the study aims to assess the impact of flavonoid-rich arriheuk extract, a purple wheat extract, on mitochondrial function using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigate the molecular mechanism behind its protective effects against adipogenesis and lipolysis. The study findings strongly indicate that arriheuk significantly suppressed triglyceride levels and inhibited the expression of transcription factors like C/EBPα and PPARγ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment with arriheuk suppressed the expression of SREBP1c and FAS proteins linked to lipogenesis. In addition, treatment with arriheuk extract decreased the mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, increased glycerol release, and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the arriheuk-mediated PGC-1α expression triggered mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting the AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression in adipocytes. Also, arriheuk suppressed adipogenesis and elicited browning through the AMPK- and SIRT1-associated pathways. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that arriheuk extract regulates browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by triggering the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, indicating the prospective applications of arriheuk as a functional food to control obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2727arriheukwheatflavonoids3T3-L1 adipocytesPGC-1αAMPK |
| spellingShingle | Young Yoon Min-Kyung Park Kyung-Hoon Kim Geum-Hwa Lee Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways Foods arriheuk wheat flavonoids 3T3-L1 adipocytes PGC-1α AMPK |
| title | Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways |
| title_full | Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways |
| title_short | Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways |
| title_sort | black wheat extracts arriheuk regulate adipogenesis and lipolysis via adenosine monophosphate amp activated protein kinase ampk sirtuin 1 sirt1 signaling pathways |
| topic | arriheuk wheat flavonoids 3T3-L1 adipocytes PGC-1α AMPK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2727 |
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