Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia
Music has become a common adjunctive treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in recent years. Because Alzheimer’s disease can be classified into different degrees of dementia according to its severity (mild, moderate, severe), this study is to investigate whether there are differences in brain respon...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/8/1137 |
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| author | Tingting Wu Fangfang Sun Yiwei Guo Mingwei Zhai Shanen Yu Jiantao Chu Chenhao Yu Yong Yang |
| author_facet | Tingting Wu Fangfang Sun Yiwei Guo Mingwei Zhai Shanen Yu Jiantao Chu Chenhao Yu Yong Yang |
| author_sort | Tingting Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Music has become a common adjunctive treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in recent years. Because Alzheimer’s disease can be classified into different degrees of dementia according to its severity (mild, moderate, severe), this study is to investigate whether there are differences in brain response to music stimulation in AD patients with different degrees of dementia. Seventeen patients with mild-to-moderate dementia, sixteen patients with severe dementia, and sixteen healthy elderly participants were selected as experimental subjects. The nonlinear characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were extracted from 64-channel EEG signals acquired before, during, and after music stimulation. The results showed the following. (1) At the temporal level, both at the whole brain area and sub-brain area levels, the EEG responses of the mild-to-moderate patients showed statistical differences from those of the severe patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The nonlinear characteristics during music stimulus, including permutation entropy (PmEn), sample entropy (SampEn), and Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC), were significantly higher in both mild-to-moderate patients and healthy controls compared to pre-stimulation, while it was significantly lower in severe patients. (2) At the spatial level, the EEG responses of the mild-to-moderate patients and the severe patients showed statistical differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05), showing that as the degree of dementia progressed, fewer pairs of EEG characteristic showed significant differences among brain regions under music stimulation. In this paper, we found that AD patients with different degrees of dementia had different EEG responses to music stimulation. Our study provides a possible explanation for this discrepancy in terms of the pathological progression of AD and music cognitive hierarchy theory. Our study has adjunctive implications for clinical music therapy in AD., potentially allowing for more targeted treatment. Meanwhile, the variations in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients in response to music stimulation might be a model for investigating the neural mechanism of music perception. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e568941b082c4e9b9216436ef50834a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e568941b082c4e9b9216436ef50834a52023-11-30T21:20:48ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-08-01248113710.3390/e24081137Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of DementiaTingting Wu0Fangfang Sun1Yiwei Guo2Mingwei Zhai3Shanen Yu4Jiantao Chu5Chenhao Yu6Yong Yang7School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSchool of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaMusic has become a common adjunctive treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in recent years. Because Alzheimer’s disease can be classified into different degrees of dementia according to its severity (mild, moderate, severe), this study is to investigate whether there are differences in brain response to music stimulation in AD patients with different degrees of dementia. Seventeen patients with mild-to-moderate dementia, sixteen patients with severe dementia, and sixteen healthy elderly participants were selected as experimental subjects. The nonlinear characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were extracted from 64-channel EEG signals acquired before, during, and after music stimulation. The results showed the following. (1) At the temporal level, both at the whole brain area and sub-brain area levels, the EEG responses of the mild-to-moderate patients showed statistical differences from those of the severe patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The nonlinear characteristics during music stimulus, including permutation entropy (PmEn), sample entropy (SampEn), and Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC), were significantly higher in both mild-to-moderate patients and healthy controls compared to pre-stimulation, while it was significantly lower in severe patients. (2) At the spatial level, the EEG responses of the mild-to-moderate patients and the severe patients showed statistical differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05), showing that as the degree of dementia progressed, fewer pairs of EEG characteristic showed significant differences among brain regions under music stimulation. In this paper, we found that AD patients with different degrees of dementia had different EEG responses to music stimulation. Our study provides a possible explanation for this discrepancy in terms of the pathological progression of AD and music cognitive hierarchy theory. Our study has adjunctive implications for clinical music therapy in AD., potentially allowing for more targeted treatment. Meanwhile, the variations in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients in response to music stimulation might be a model for investigating the neural mechanism of music perception.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/8/1137EEGAlzheimer’s diseasedifferent degree of dementiamusic stimulationpermutation entropy |
| spellingShingle | Tingting Wu Fangfang Sun Yiwei Guo Mingwei Zhai Shanen Yu Jiantao Chu Chenhao Yu Yong Yang Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia Entropy EEG Alzheimer’s disease different degree of dementia music stimulation permutation entropy |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Entropy in EEGS during Music Stimulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Different Degrees of Dementia |
| title_sort | spatio temporal dynamics of entropy in eegs during music stimulation of alzheimer s disease patients with different degrees of dementia |
| topic | EEG Alzheimer’s disease different degree of dementia music stimulation permutation entropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/8/1137 |
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