Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing
Gene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 emerged as a substantial tool due to its simplicity in use, less cost and extraordinary efficiency...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1608 |
| _version_ | 1797563466747215872 |
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| author | Muhammad Naeem Saman Majeed Mubasher Zahir Hoque Irshad Ahmad |
| author_facet | Muhammad Naeem Saman Majeed Mubasher Zahir Hoque Irshad Ahmad |
| author_sort | Muhammad Naeem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 emerged as a substantial tool due to its simplicity in use, less cost and extraordinary efficiency than the conventional gene-editing tools, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). However, potential off-target activities are crucial shortcomings in the CRISPR system. Numerous types of approaches have been developed to reduce off-target effects. Here, we review several latest approaches to reduce the off-target effects, including biased or unbiased off-target detection, cytosine or adenine base editors, prime editing, dCas9, Cas9 paired nickase, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and truncated gRNAs. This review article provides extensive information to cautiously interpret off-target effects to assist the basic and clinical applications in biomedicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:43:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e59067eea2374209a6f6273ed5954075 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:43:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-e59067eea2374209a6f6273ed59540752023-11-20T05:42:51ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-07-0197160810.3390/cells9071608Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome EditingMuhammad Naeem0Saman Majeed1Mubasher Zahir Hoque2Irshad Ahmad3Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaGene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 emerged as a substantial tool due to its simplicity in use, less cost and extraordinary efficiency than the conventional gene-editing tools, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). However, potential off-target activities are crucial shortcomings in the CRISPR system. Numerous types of approaches have been developed to reduce off-target effects. Here, we review several latest approaches to reduce the off-target effects, including biased or unbiased off-target detection, cytosine or adenine base editors, prime editing, dCas9, Cas9 paired nickase, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and truncated gRNAs. This review article provides extensive information to cautiously interpret off-target effects to assist the basic and clinical applications in biomedicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1608CRISPR/Cas9gene targetingtargeting specificityhomology dependent repairbase editorsnon-homologous end joining repair pathway |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Naeem Saman Majeed Mubasher Zahir Hoque Irshad Ahmad Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing Cells CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting targeting specificity homology dependent repair base editors non-homologous end joining repair pathway |
| title | Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing |
| title_full | Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing |
| title_fullStr | Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing |
| title_short | Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing |
| title_sort | latest developed strategies to minimize the off target effects in crispr cas mediated genome editing |
| topic | CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting targeting specificity homology dependent repair base editors non-homologous end joining repair pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1608 |
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