Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a common type of cancer, which is amongst the most deadly types of cancer worldwide. The therapeutic options range from curative resection or ablation to loco regional therapies in palliative setting and last but not least, systemic treatment. The la...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1797543951314452480 |
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| author | Diederick J. van Doorn Robert Bart Takkenberg Heinz-Josef Klümpen |
| author_facet | Diederick J. van Doorn Robert Bart Takkenberg Heinz-Josef Klümpen |
| author_sort | Diederick J. van Doorn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a common type of cancer, which is amongst the most deadly types of cancer worldwide. The therapeutic options range from curative resection or ablation to loco regional therapies in palliative setting and last but not least, systemic treatment. The latter group underwent major changes in the last decade and a half. Since the introduction of sorafenib in 2007, many other systemic treatments have been investigated. Most without success. It took more than ten years before lenvatinib could be added as alternative first-line treatment option. Just recently a new form of systemic treatment, immunotherapy, entered the field of therapeutic options in patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are becoming the new standard of care in patients with HCC. Several reviews reported on the latest phase 1/2 studies and discussed the higher response rates and better tolerability when compared to current standard of care therapies. This review will focus on elaborating the working mechanism of these checkpoint inhibitors, give an elaborate update of the therapeutic agents that are currently available or under research, and will give an overview of the latest trials, as well as ongoing and upcoming trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e594c8307e1f42658935c6df0a901d92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e594c8307e1f42658935c6df0a901d922023-11-21T02:00:14ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-12-01141310.3390/ph14010003Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An OverviewDiederick J. van Doorn0Robert Bart Takkenberg1Heinz-Josef Klümpen2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a common type of cancer, which is amongst the most deadly types of cancer worldwide. The therapeutic options range from curative resection or ablation to loco regional therapies in palliative setting and last but not least, systemic treatment. The latter group underwent major changes in the last decade and a half. Since the introduction of sorafenib in 2007, many other systemic treatments have been investigated. Most without success. It took more than ten years before lenvatinib could be added as alternative first-line treatment option. Just recently a new form of systemic treatment, immunotherapy, entered the field of therapeutic options in patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are becoming the new standard of care in patients with HCC. Several reviews reported on the latest phase 1/2 studies and discussed the higher response rates and better tolerability when compared to current standard of care therapies. This review will focus on elaborating the working mechanism of these checkpoint inhibitors, give an elaborate update of the therapeutic agents that are currently available or under research, and will give an overview of the latest trials, as well as ongoing and upcoming trials.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/1/3hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immunotherapysystemic therapycheckpoint inhibitionoutcometoxicitytolerability |
| spellingShingle | Diederick J. van Doorn Robert Bart Takkenberg Heinz-Josef Klümpen Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview Pharmaceuticals hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immunotherapy systemic therapy checkpoint inhibition outcome toxicity tolerability |
| title | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview |
| title_full | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview |
| title_short | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview |
| title_sort | immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma an overview |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immunotherapy systemic therapy checkpoint inhibition outcome toxicity tolerability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/1/3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT diederickjvandoorn immunecheckpointinhibitorsinhepatocellularcarcinomaanoverview AT robertbarttakkenberg immunecheckpointinhibitorsinhepatocellularcarcinomaanoverview AT heinzjosefklumpen immunecheckpointinhibitorsinhepatocellularcarcinomaanoverview |