The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF
CRF47_BF is a circulating recombinant form (CRF) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. CRF47_BF represents one of 19 CRFx_BFs and has a geographic focus in Spain, where it was first identified in 2010. Since its discovery, CRF47_BF has expanded considerab...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.863123/full |
| _version_ | 1818231184678715392 |
|---|---|
| author | Gracelyn Hill Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Elena Delgado Sonia Benito Vanessa Montero Horacio Gil Mónica Sánchez Javier E. Cañada-García Elena García-Bodas Keith A. Crandall Keith A. Crandall Michael M. Thomson the Spanish Group for the Study of New HIV Diagnoses José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco Silvia Hernáez Sofía Ibarra-Ugarte Josefa Muñoz María Carmen Nieto-Toboso Miren Zuriñe Zubero-Sulibarria Elena Bereciartua-Bastarrica Luis Elorduy Goikoetxea-Agirre Ane Josune Leyre López-Soria María José López de Goikoetxea Maitane Aranzamendi Gustavo Cilla José Antonio Iribarren Yolanda Salicio Carmen Gómez José Joaquín Portu Aitziber Aguinaga Carmen Ezpeleta Carmen Martín-Salas María Gracia Ruiz-Alda José Javier García-Irure Fernando Buñuel Francisco Jover-Díaz Jorge Julio Cabrera Antonio Ocampo Celia Miralles Julio Diz-Aren Matilde Trigo María José Gude Ramón Rabuñal Eva María Romay Ricardo Fernández-Rodríguez Juan García-Costa Ana María Martínez-Sapiña Jorge del Romero Belén Lorenzo-Vidal César Gómez |
| author_facet | Gracelyn Hill Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Elena Delgado Sonia Benito Vanessa Montero Horacio Gil Mónica Sánchez Javier E. Cañada-García Elena García-Bodas Keith A. Crandall Keith A. Crandall Michael M. Thomson the Spanish Group for the Study of New HIV Diagnoses José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco Silvia Hernáez Sofía Ibarra-Ugarte Josefa Muñoz María Carmen Nieto-Toboso Miren Zuriñe Zubero-Sulibarria Elena Bereciartua-Bastarrica Luis Elorduy Goikoetxea-Agirre Ane Josune Leyre López-Soria María José López de Goikoetxea Maitane Aranzamendi Gustavo Cilla José Antonio Iribarren Yolanda Salicio Carmen Gómez José Joaquín Portu Aitziber Aguinaga Carmen Ezpeleta Carmen Martín-Salas María Gracia Ruiz-Alda José Javier García-Irure Fernando Buñuel Francisco Jover-Díaz Jorge Julio Cabrera Antonio Ocampo Celia Miralles Julio Diz-Aren Matilde Trigo María José Gude Ramón Rabuñal Eva María Romay Ricardo Fernández-Rodríguez Juan García-Costa Ana María Martínez-Sapiña Jorge del Romero Belén Lorenzo-Vidal César Gómez |
| author_sort | Gracelyn Hill |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CRF47_BF is a circulating recombinant form (CRF) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. CRF47_BF represents one of 19 CRFx_BFs and has a geographic focus in Spain, where it was first identified in 2010. Since its discovery, CRF47_BF has expanded considerably in Spain, predominantly through heterosexual contact (∼56% of the infections). Little is known, however, about the origin and diversity of this CRF or its epidemiological correlates, as very few samples have been available so far. This study conducts a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of all CRFx_BF sequence types along with HIV-1 M Group subtypes to validate that the CRF47_BF sequences share a unique evolutionary history. The CRFx_BF sequences cluster into a single, not well supported, clade that includes their dominant parent subtypes (B and F). This clade also includes subtype D and excludes sub-subtype F2. However, the CRF47_BF sequences all share a most recent common ancestor. Further analysis of this clade couples CRF47_BF protease-reverse transcriptase sequences and epidemiological data from an additional 87 samples collected throughout Spain, as well as additional CRF47_BF database sequences from Brazil and Spain to investigate the origin and phylodynamics of CRF47_BF. The Spanish region with the highest proportion of CRF47_BF samples in the data set was the Basque Country (43.7%) with Navarre next highest at 19.5%. We include in our analysis epidemiological data on host sex, mode of transmission, time of collection, and geographic region. The phylodynamic analysis indicates that CRF47_BF originated in Brazil around 1999–2000 and spread to Spain from Brazil in 2002–2003. The virus spread rapidly throughout Spain with an increase in population size from 2011 to 2015 and leveling off more recently. Three strongly supported clusters associated with Spanish regions (Basque Country, Navarre, and Aragon), together comprising 60.8% of the Spanish samples, were identified, one of which was also associated with transmission among men who have sex with men. The expansion in Spain of CRF47_BF, together with that of other CRFs and subtype variants of South American origin, previously reported, reflects the increasing relationship between the South American and European HIV-1 epidemics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:46:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5985d8df59241f385ffe846371564e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:46:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5985d8df59241f385ffe846371564e12022-12-22T00:26:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-05-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.863123863123The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BFGracelyn Hill0Marcos Pérez-Losada1Marcos Pérez-Losada2Marcos Pérez-Losada3Elena Delgado4Sonia Benito5Vanessa Montero6Horacio Gil7Mónica Sánchez8Javier E. Cañada-García9Elena García-Bodas10Keith A. Crandall11Keith A. Crandall12Michael M. Thomson13the Spanish Group for the Study of New HIV DiagnosesJosé Luis Díaz de Tuesta del ArcoSilvia HernáezSofía Ibarra-UgarteJosefa MuñozMaría Carmen Nieto-TobosoMiren Zuriñe Zubero-SulibarriaElena Bereciartua-BastarricaLuis ElorduyGoikoetxea-Agirre Ane JosuneLeyre López-SoriaMaría José López de GoikoetxeaMaitane AranzamendiGustavo CillaJosé Antonio IribarrenYolanda SalicioCarmen GómezJosé Joaquín PortuAitziber AguinagaCarmen EzpeletaCarmen Martín-SalasMaría Gracia Ruiz-AldaJosé Javier García-IrureFernando BuñuelFrancisco Jover-DíazJorge Julio CabreraAntonio OcampoCelia MirallesJulio Diz-ArenMatilde TrigoMaría José GudeRamón RabuñalEva María RomayRicardo Fernández-RodríguezJuan García-CostaAna María Martínez-SapiñaJorge del RomeroBelén Lorenzo-VidalCésar GómezComputational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesComputational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesCIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainComputational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesHIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainCRF47_BF is a circulating recombinant form (CRF) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. CRF47_BF represents one of 19 CRFx_BFs and has a geographic focus in Spain, where it was first identified in 2010. Since its discovery, CRF47_BF has expanded considerably in Spain, predominantly through heterosexual contact (∼56% of the infections). Little is known, however, about the origin and diversity of this CRF or its epidemiological correlates, as very few samples have been available so far. This study conducts a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of all CRFx_BF sequence types along with HIV-1 M Group subtypes to validate that the CRF47_BF sequences share a unique evolutionary history. The CRFx_BF sequences cluster into a single, not well supported, clade that includes their dominant parent subtypes (B and F). This clade also includes subtype D and excludes sub-subtype F2. However, the CRF47_BF sequences all share a most recent common ancestor. Further analysis of this clade couples CRF47_BF protease-reverse transcriptase sequences and epidemiological data from an additional 87 samples collected throughout Spain, as well as additional CRF47_BF database sequences from Brazil and Spain to investigate the origin and phylodynamics of CRF47_BF. The Spanish region with the highest proportion of CRF47_BF samples in the data set was the Basque Country (43.7%) with Navarre next highest at 19.5%. We include in our analysis epidemiological data on host sex, mode of transmission, time of collection, and geographic region. The phylodynamic analysis indicates that CRF47_BF originated in Brazil around 1999–2000 and spread to Spain from Brazil in 2002–2003. The virus spread rapidly throughout Spain with an increase in population size from 2011 to 2015 and leveling off more recently. Three strongly supported clusters associated with Spanish regions (Basque Country, Navarre, and Aragon), together comprising 60.8% of the Spanish samples, were identified, one of which was also associated with transmission among men who have sex with men. The expansion in Spain of CRF47_BF, together with that of other CRFs and subtype variants of South American origin, previously reported, reflects the increasing relationship between the South American and European HIV-1 epidemics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.863123/fullHIVphylodynamicscirculating recombinant form (CRF)SpainepidemiologyCRF47_BF |
| spellingShingle | Gracelyn Hill Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Marcos Pérez-Losada Elena Delgado Sonia Benito Vanessa Montero Horacio Gil Mónica Sánchez Javier E. Cañada-García Elena García-Bodas Keith A. Crandall Keith A. Crandall Michael M. Thomson the Spanish Group for the Study of New HIV Diagnoses José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco Silvia Hernáez Sofía Ibarra-Ugarte Josefa Muñoz María Carmen Nieto-Toboso Miren Zuriñe Zubero-Sulibarria Elena Bereciartua-Bastarrica Luis Elorduy Goikoetxea-Agirre Ane Josune Leyre López-Soria María José López de Goikoetxea Maitane Aranzamendi Gustavo Cilla José Antonio Iribarren Yolanda Salicio Carmen Gómez José Joaquín Portu Aitziber Aguinaga Carmen Ezpeleta Carmen Martín-Salas María Gracia Ruiz-Alda José Javier García-Irure Fernando Buñuel Francisco Jover-Díaz Jorge Julio Cabrera Antonio Ocampo Celia Miralles Julio Diz-Aren Matilde Trigo María José Gude Ramón Rabuñal Eva María Romay Ricardo Fernández-Rodríguez Juan García-Costa Ana María Martínez-Sapiña Jorge del Romero Belén Lorenzo-Vidal César Gómez The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF Frontiers in Microbiology HIV phylodynamics circulating recombinant form (CRF) Spain epidemiology CRF47_BF |
| title | The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF |
| title_full | The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF |
| title_fullStr | The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF |
| title_short | The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF |
| title_sort | origin epidemiology and phylodynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 crf47 bf |
| topic | HIV phylodynamics circulating recombinant form (CRF) Spain epidemiology CRF47_BF |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.863123/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gracelynhill theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenadelgado theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT soniabenito theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT vanessamontero theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT horaciogil theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT monicasanchez theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT javierecanadagarcia theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenagarciabodas theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT keithacrandall theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT keithacrandall theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT michaelmthomson theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT thespanishgroupforthestudyofnewhivdiagnoses theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT joseluisdiazdetuestadelarco theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT silviahernaez theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT sofiaibarraugarte theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josefamunoz theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariacarmennietotoboso theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mirenzurinezuberosulibarria theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenabereciartuabastarrica theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT luiselorduy theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT goikoetxeaagirreanejosune theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT leyrelopezsoria theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariajoselopezdegoikoetxea theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT maitanearanzamendi theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT gustavocilla theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT joseantonioiribarren theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT yolandasalicio theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmengomez theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josejoaquinportu theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT aitziberaguinaga theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmenezpeleta theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmenmartinsalas theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariagraciaruizalda theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josejaviergarciairure theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT fernandobunuel theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT franciscojoverdiaz theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT jorgejuliocabrera theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT antonioocampo theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT celiamiralles theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT juliodizaren theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT matildetrigo theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariajosegude theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT ramonrabunal theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT evamariaromay theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT ricardofernandezrodriguez theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT juangarciacosta theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT anamariamartinezsapina theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT jorgedelromero theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT belenlorenzovidal theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT cesargomez theoriginepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT gracelynhill originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT marcosperezlosada originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenadelgado originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT soniabenito originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT vanessamontero originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT horaciogil originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT monicasanchez originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT javierecanadagarcia originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenagarciabodas originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT keithacrandall originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT keithacrandall originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT michaelmthomson originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT thespanishgroupforthestudyofnewhivdiagnoses originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT joseluisdiazdetuestadelarco originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT silviahernaez originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT sofiaibarraugarte originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josefamunoz originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariacarmennietotoboso originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mirenzurinezuberosulibarria originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT elenabereciartuabastarrica originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT luiselorduy originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT goikoetxeaagirreanejosune originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT leyrelopezsoria originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariajoselopezdegoikoetxea originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT maitanearanzamendi originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT gustavocilla originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT joseantonioiribarren originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT yolandasalicio originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmengomez originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josejoaquinportu originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT aitziberaguinaga originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmenezpeleta originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT carmenmartinsalas originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariagraciaruizalda originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT josejaviergarciairure originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT fernandobunuel originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT franciscojoverdiaz originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT jorgejuliocabrera originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT antonioocampo originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT celiamiralles originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT juliodizaren originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT matildetrigo originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT mariajosegude originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT ramonrabunal originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT evamariaromay originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT ricardofernandezrodriguez originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT juangarciacosta originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT anamariamartinezsapina originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT jorgedelromero originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT belenlorenzovidal originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf AT cesargomez originepidemiologyandphylodynamicsofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1crf47bf |