Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis
Abstract Background High sodium intake has been linked to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of chronic inflammation in the association between sodium and NAFLD. We also observed whether β-caroten...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Diabetes |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-022-00218-y |
| _version_ | 1797995484651978752 |
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| author | Yang Chen Min Wu Fuli Chen Xiaoxiao Wen Liancheng Zhao Gang Li Long Zhou |
| author_facet | Yang Chen Min Wu Fuli Chen Xiaoxiao Wen Liancheng Zhao Gang Li Long Zhou |
| author_sort | Yang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background High sodium intake has been linked to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of chronic inflammation in the association between sodium and NAFLD. We also observed whether β-carotene, which had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, lowers the odds of NAFLD. Methods We performed mediation analyses to assess the mediating effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and red cell distribution width (RDW) on the relationship between dietary sodium and NAFLD defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), respectively. Results A total of 6725 participants were included in this study. Compared with the high sodium-low carotene group, participants in the high sodium-high carotene group had 16% and 26% lower odds for HSI and FLI-defined NAFLD, respectively. There were positive indirect effects of dietary sodium intake on the HSI-defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0057, 95% CI: 0.0021–0.0091, P < 0.0001), as well as the FLI defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0081, 95% CI: 0.0024–0.0162, P < 0.0001) when C-reactive protein (CRP) was considered as a mediator. The mediating effects were somewhat attenuated after further adjusting for dietary β-carotene intake. Similar results were found when RDW was considered as a mediator in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis. Conclusions Higher sodium intake increases the odds of NAFLD by upregulating inflammation. Dietary β-carotene may attenuate this association by down regulating inflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:02:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e59b473e759b4fb886578ed0c0ee623b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-4052 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:02:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Diabetes |
| spelling | doaj.art-e59b473e759b4fb886578ed0c0ee623b2022-12-22T04:30:24ZengNature Publishing GroupNutrition & Diabetes2044-40522022-09-011211810.1038/s41387-022-00218-yPotential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysisYang Chen0Min Wu1Fuli Chen2Xiaoxiao Wen3Liancheng Zhao4Gang Li5Long Zhou6Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of FloridaDivision of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Background High sodium intake has been linked to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of chronic inflammation in the association between sodium and NAFLD. We also observed whether β-carotene, which had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, lowers the odds of NAFLD. Methods We performed mediation analyses to assess the mediating effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and red cell distribution width (RDW) on the relationship between dietary sodium and NAFLD defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), respectively. Results A total of 6725 participants were included in this study. Compared with the high sodium-low carotene group, participants in the high sodium-high carotene group had 16% and 26% lower odds for HSI and FLI-defined NAFLD, respectively. There were positive indirect effects of dietary sodium intake on the HSI-defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0057, 95% CI: 0.0021–0.0091, P < 0.0001), as well as the FLI defined NAFLD (indirect effect: 0.0081, 95% CI: 0.0024–0.0162, P < 0.0001) when C-reactive protein (CRP) was considered as a mediator. The mediating effects were somewhat attenuated after further adjusting for dietary β-carotene intake. Similar results were found when RDW was considered as a mediator in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis. Conclusions Higher sodium intake increases the odds of NAFLD by upregulating inflammation. Dietary β-carotene may attenuate this association by down regulating inflammation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-022-00218-y |
| spellingShingle | Yang Chen Min Wu Fuli Chen Xiaoxiao Wen Liancheng Zhao Gang Li Long Zhou Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis Nutrition & Diabetes |
| title | Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis |
| title_full | Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis |
| title_fullStr | Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis |
| title_short | Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis |
| title_sort | potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β carotene with non alcoholic fatty liver disease a mediation analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-022-00218-y |
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