Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain
Methoxypyrazines (MPs) are a unique class of volatile compounds containing nitrogenous heterocyclics that impart green bell, vegetal and herbal odors to red grape berries and wines. In this study, the quality and MPs levels of grape berries from six representative red wine grape varieties were deter...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/12/1613 |
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| author | Yanxia Zhang Xiangyi Li Xufeng Guo Ning Wang Kangqi Geng Dongmei Li Zhenping Wang |
| author_facet | Yanxia Zhang Xiangyi Li Xufeng Guo Ning Wang Kangqi Geng Dongmei Li Zhenping Wang |
| author_sort | Yanxia Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methoxypyrazines (MPs) are a unique class of volatile compounds containing nitrogenous heterocyclics that impart green bell, vegetal and herbal odors to red grape berries and wines. In this study, the quality and MPs levels of grape berries from six representative red wine grape varieties were determined in the two consecutive years. The results showed that, at maturity, the highest total soluble solid was observed in Petit Verdot grape berries in the two consecutive years. While the anthocyanin content showed the highest in Marselan berries in 2018, in 2019, Petit Verdot berries had the highest anthocyanin content. Moreover, 2-methoxypyrazine (MOMP), 3-methyl-2-methoxypyrazine (MEMP) and 3-ethyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ETMP) levels were relatively lower, with almost no detectable in berries at maturity. The relative higher 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) content was observed in Cabernet Sauvignon, Marselan, Merlot, and Malbec berries. However, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (SBMP) and IBMP were only detected in six wines, and their levels were higher than those in the grape berries. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically positive correlation between the expression levels of <i>VvOMT1</i> and <i>VvOMT3</i> and MPs content in grape berries, while the lowest association was found in the <i>VvOMT2</i>. These findings provide a basis for selecting the most suitable grape varieties to improve wine quality. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:43:02Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e59d1477e492435598df090b532e86ad2023-11-23T18:35:24ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011112161310.3390/plants11121613Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan MountainYanxia Zhang0Xiangyi Li1Xufeng Guo2Ning Wang3Kangqi Geng4Dongmei Li5Zhenping Wang6Department of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Food and Wine, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaMethoxypyrazines (MPs) are a unique class of volatile compounds containing nitrogenous heterocyclics that impart green bell, vegetal and herbal odors to red grape berries and wines. In this study, the quality and MPs levels of grape berries from six representative red wine grape varieties were determined in the two consecutive years. The results showed that, at maturity, the highest total soluble solid was observed in Petit Verdot grape berries in the two consecutive years. While the anthocyanin content showed the highest in Marselan berries in 2018, in 2019, Petit Verdot berries had the highest anthocyanin content. Moreover, 2-methoxypyrazine (MOMP), 3-methyl-2-methoxypyrazine (MEMP) and 3-ethyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ETMP) levels were relatively lower, with almost no detectable in berries at maturity. The relative higher 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) content was observed in Cabernet Sauvignon, Marselan, Merlot, and Malbec berries. However, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (SBMP) and IBMP were only detected in six wines, and their levels were higher than those in the grape berries. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically positive correlation between the expression levels of <i>VvOMT1</i> and <i>VvOMT3</i> and MPs content in grape berries, while the lowest association was found in the <i>VvOMT2</i>. These findings provide a basis for selecting the most suitable grape varieties to improve wine quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/12/1613wine grapesberry qualitymethoxypyrazine<i>VvOMTs</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yanxia Zhang Xiangyi Li Xufeng Guo Ning Wang Kangqi Geng Dongmei Li Zhenping Wang Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain Plants wine grapes berry quality methoxypyrazine <i>VvOMTs</i> |
| title | Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain |
| title_full | Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain |
| title_short | Comparison of Methoxypyrazine Content and Expression Pattern of <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Genes in Grape Berries and Wines from Six Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) in the Eastern Foothill of the Helan Mountain |
| title_sort | comparison of methoxypyrazine content and expression pattern of i o i methyltransferase genes in grape berries and wines from six cultivars i vitis vinifera i l in the eastern foothill of the helan mountain |
| topic | wine grapes berry quality methoxypyrazine <i>VvOMTs</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/12/1613 |
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