Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter
In this paper, a high-resolution Sentinel-3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter is used to observe ISWs in the Sulu Sea. Based on the advantages of the simultaneous observation of Sentinel-3 OLCI and SRAL, the changes in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&qu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5375 |
| _version_ | 1797466638439677952 |
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| author | Changtian Yu Junmin Meng Lina Sun Hao Zhang Haiqi Wang |
| author_facet | Changtian Yu Junmin Meng Lina Sun Hao Zhang Haiqi Wang |
| author_sort | Changtian Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a high-resolution Sentinel-3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter is used to observe ISWs in the Sulu Sea. Based on the advantages of the simultaneous observation of Sentinel-3 OLCI and SRAL, the changes in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, SWH, and SSHA caused by the ISWs are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decreases and then increases after being modulated by the ISWs in the altimeter operation direction; SWH shows a large change; and the change trend of SSHA is the same as that of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Because of the angle between the propagation direction of the ISWs and the SRAL trajectory, the actual position corresponding to the peak power in the waveform detects the ISWs before the nadir, at which time <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is already modulated by ISWs, resulting in the deviation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In addition, the sea surface roughness within the SRAL footprint in this case is no longer uniform, which violates the assumption of retracking and leads to the incorrect estimation of geophysical parameters such as SWH and SSHA. With a view to correcting these errors, the effect of ISWs on the retracker must therefore be considered and the model for waveform modified accordingly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:42:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e59ff65685dd40558147feaa9cb70b94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e59ff65685dd40558147feaa9cb70b942023-11-24T06:38:00ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-10-011421537510.3390/rs14215375Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar AltimeterChangtian Yu0Junmin Meng1Lina Sun2Hao Zhang3Haiqi Wang4First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaCollege of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266061, ChinaIn this paper, a high-resolution Sentinel-3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter is used to observe ISWs in the Sulu Sea. Based on the advantages of the simultaneous observation of Sentinel-3 OLCI and SRAL, the changes in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, SWH, and SSHA caused by the ISWs are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decreases and then increases after being modulated by the ISWs in the altimeter operation direction; SWH shows a large change; and the change trend of SSHA is the same as that of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Because of the angle between the propagation direction of the ISWs and the SRAL trajectory, the actual position corresponding to the peak power in the waveform detects the ISWs before the nadir, at which time <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is already modulated by ISWs, resulting in the deviation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In addition, the sea surface roughness within the SRAL footprint in this case is no longer uniform, which violates the assumption of retracking and leads to the incorrect estimation of geophysical parameters such as SWH and SSHA. With a view to correcting these errors, the effect of ISWs on the retracker must therefore be considered and the model for waveform modified accordingly.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5375internal solitary waveSentinel-3synthetic aperture radar altimetersea surface height anomalysignificant wave height<i>σ</i><sub>0</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Changtian Yu Junmin Meng Lina Sun Hao Zhang Haiqi Wang Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter Remote Sensing internal solitary wave Sentinel-3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter sea surface height anomaly significant wave height <i>σ</i><sub>0</sub> |
| title | Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter |
| title_full | Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter |
| title_fullStr | Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter |
| title_short | Study of Sea Surface Geophysical Parameter Changes Due to Internal Solitary Waves Using a Sentinel-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter |
| title_sort | study of sea surface geophysical parameter changes due to internal solitary waves using a sentinel 3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter |
| topic | internal solitary wave Sentinel-3 synthetic aperture radar altimeter sea surface height anomaly significant wave height <i>σ</i><sub>0</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5375 |
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