Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia
The Indonesian economy has been one of the promising economies, with an average annual economic growth of about 5% in the last decade. With income per capita US$ 4050 as of 2019, Indonesia is now moving to attain upper-middle-income country status. Indonesia escaped from the lower-middle-income trap...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Indonesian |
| Published: |
Pusat Pembinaan, Pendidikan, dan Pelatihan Perencana Bappenas
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.pusbindiklatren.bappenas.go.id/lib/jisdep/article/view/103 |
| _version_ | 1797397447965671424 |
|---|---|
| author | Devanto Shasta Pratomo Wildan Syafitri Clarissa Sekar Anindya |
| author_facet | Devanto Shasta Pratomo Wildan Syafitri Clarissa Sekar Anindya |
| author_sort | Devanto Shasta Pratomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Indonesian economy has been one of the promising economies, with an average annual economic growth of about 5% in the last decade. With income per capita US$ 4050 as of 2019, Indonesia is now moving to attain upper-middle-income country status. Indonesia escaped from the lower-middle-income trap that the country has faced since 1985 by improving its human capital through increased attention to education and reduction in poverty. Alongside a significant poverty reduction, the middle class or middle-income population has been significantly growing. According to the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS), the middle-class household grew from only 9% in 1993 to more than 20% in 2019. The middle class also works as an engine for growth, supporting nearly half of total national consumption. They are more likely of having better human capital, work as white-collar workers, and mostly living in urban areas. Due to the greater education and skills most of those in the middle class, have greater access to working in the formal sector jobs, and some are increasingly running productive business or entrepreneur which drives growth and creating jobs for others (World Bank, 2019). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:10:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5a38aa1518545639647b57357048c28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2721-8309 2722-0842 |
| language | Indonesian |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:10:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Pusat Pembinaan, Pendidikan, dan Pelatihan Perencana Bappenas |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5a38aa1518545639647b57357048c282023-12-11T07:28:40ZindPusat Pembinaan, Pendidikan, dan Pelatihan Perencana BappenasThe Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning2721-83092722-08422020-12-011330731210.46456/jisdep.v1i3.103103Expanding Middle Class in IndonesiaDevanto Shasta Pratomo0Wildan SyafitriClarissa Sekar AnindyaUniversity of BrawijayaThe Indonesian economy has been one of the promising economies, with an average annual economic growth of about 5% in the last decade. With income per capita US$ 4050 as of 2019, Indonesia is now moving to attain upper-middle-income country status. Indonesia escaped from the lower-middle-income trap that the country has faced since 1985 by improving its human capital through increased attention to education and reduction in poverty. Alongside a significant poverty reduction, the middle class or middle-income population has been significantly growing. According to the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS), the middle-class household grew from only 9% in 1993 to more than 20% in 2019. The middle class also works as an engine for growth, supporting nearly half of total national consumption. They are more likely of having better human capital, work as white-collar workers, and mostly living in urban areas. Due to the greater education and skills most of those in the middle class, have greater access to working in the formal sector jobs, and some are increasingly running productive business or entrepreneur which drives growth and creating jobs for others (World Bank, 2019).http://journal.pusbindiklatren.bappenas.go.id/lib/jisdep/article/view/103expandingmiddle classindonesia |
| spellingShingle | Devanto Shasta Pratomo Wildan Syafitri Clarissa Sekar Anindya Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning expanding middle class indonesia |
| title | Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia |
| title_full | Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia |
| title_short | Expanding Middle Class in Indonesia |
| title_sort | expanding middle class in indonesia |
| topic | expanding middle class indonesia |
| url | http://journal.pusbindiklatren.bappenas.go.id/lib/jisdep/article/view/103 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT devantoshastapratomo expandingmiddleclassinindonesia AT wildansyafitri expandingmiddleclassinindonesia AT clarissasekaranindya expandingmiddleclassinindonesia |