Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations
A high-performance photonic crystal fiber sensor for sulfuric acid detection is designed and investigated, undertaken through a full vector Finite Element Method on COMSOL Multiphysics software to establish the optical properties of effective refractive index, power fraction, relative sensitivity, c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/958 |
| _version_ | 1797455686547800064 |
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| author | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Md. Abul Kalam Feroza Begum |
| author_facet | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Md. Abul Kalam Feroza Begum |
| author_sort | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A high-performance photonic crystal fiber sensor for sulfuric acid detection is designed and investigated, undertaken through a full vector Finite Element Method on COMSOL Multiphysics software to establish the optical properties of effective refractive index, power fraction, relative sensitivity, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion, and propagation constant. Different aqueous sulfuric acid concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were selected as the test analytes. The dimensions of two cladding rings of the hexagon- and circular-shaped air holes and a circular core hole denoted outstanding outcomes of relative sensitivity and confinement loss. At 1.1 µm optimum wavelength, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% sulfuric acid concentrations depict relative sensitivities of 97.08%, 97.67%, 98.06%, 98.39%, and 98.67%, respectively, and confinement losses of 1.32 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 4.11 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 1.46 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 6.34 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, and 2.12 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5a845421fb14b70b6e3e17dbb73c59e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5a845421fb14b70b6e3e17dbb73c59e2023-11-24T17:25:26ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-12-0191295810.3390/photonics9120958Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different ConcentrationsAbdul Mu’iz Maidi0Md. Abul Kalam1Feroza Begum2Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Ultimo Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaDepartment of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, BruneiA high-performance photonic crystal fiber sensor for sulfuric acid detection is designed and investigated, undertaken through a full vector Finite Element Method on COMSOL Multiphysics software to establish the optical properties of effective refractive index, power fraction, relative sensitivity, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion, and propagation constant. Different aqueous sulfuric acid concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were selected as the test analytes. The dimensions of two cladding rings of the hexagon- and circular-shaped air holes and a circular core hole denoted outstanding outcomes of relative sensitivity and confinement loss. At 1.1 µm optimum wavelength, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% sulfuric acid concentrations depict relative sensitivities of 97.08%, 97.67%, 98.06%, 98.39%, and 98.67%, respectively, and confinement losses of 1.32 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 4.11 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 1.46 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, 6.34 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, and 2.12 × 10<sup>−12</sup> dB/m, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/958photonic crystal fiberchemical sensorsulfuric acidrelative sensitivityconfinement loss |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Mu’iz Maidi Md. Abul Kalam Feroza Begum Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations Photonics photonic crystal fiber chemical sensor sulfuric acid relative sensitivity confinement loss |
| title | Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations |
| title_full | Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations |
| title_short | Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Detecting Sulfuric Acid in Different Concentrations |
| title_sort | photonic crystal fiber sensor for detecting sulfuric acid in different concentrations |
| topic | photonic crystal fiber chemical sensor sulfuric acid relative sensitivity confinement loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/958 |
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