Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria
The depleting reserves of petroleum and attendant environmental issues have led to the search for more eco - friendly and renewable fuels. Biodiesel obtained from various renewable sources have been recognized as one of the alternative fuels due to its biodegradability, high cetane number, no sulp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/123125 |
| _version_ | 1797227930863009792 |
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| author | AS Uzoekwe S Omorogbe A Hamolton Amachree |
| author_facet | AS Uzoekwe S Omorogbe A Hamolton Amachree |
| author_sort | AS Uzoekwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
The depleting reserves of petroleum and attendant environmental issues have led to the search for more eco - friendly and renewable fuels. Biodiesel obtained from various renewable sources have been recognized as one of the alternative fuels due to its biodegradability, high cetane number, no sulphur emissions and low volatility. In this paper, biodiesel was obtained from waste frying oil (WFO) by esterification to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content (determined by standard titration methods) and then transesterified using base catalyzed transesterification method. The WFO had an FFA content of 11.3%. The WFO was esterified hourly (1, 2, 3, 4) for reduction in %FFA until about < 1% FFA was achieved prior to transesterification. The esterified oil was transesterified in batches to establish optimum conditions for the reaction by varying; time, temperature, stirring speed and methanol to oil molar ratio respectively. The methyl ester yield from the efficient based catalyzed transesterification of WFO were found to be 50oC, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 1% w/v catalyst concentration and a reaction time duration of 40 minutes, 96% optimum yield and the result of the FTIR analysis confirms the formation of methyl ester having wavelength of absorption at 2959.475nm, 2784.153nm, 1747.191 and 1469.005 respectively. The fuel properties of the methyl ester produced were compared with set ASTM standards and were found to be in line with the standards.
Keywords: Waste frying oil, co-solvent, Transesterification, Yield, FTIR analysis and Fuel Properties
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:48:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5be38558ddc40cfa85cb3e26d34eefa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2659-1502 2659-1499 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:48:38Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5be38558ddc40cfa85cb3e26d34eefa2024-04-02T19:53:19ZengJoint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2659-15022659-14992015-10-0119310.4314/jasem.v19i3.7Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in NigeriaAS UzoekweS OmorogbeA Hamolton Amachree The depleting reserves of petroleum and attendant environmental issues have led to the search for more eco - friendly and renewable fuels. Biodiesel obtained from various renewable sources have been recognized as one of the alternative fuels due to its biodegradability, high cetane number, no sulphur emissions and low volatility. In this paper, biodiesel was obtained from waste frying oil (WFO) by esterification to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content (determined by standard titration methods) and then transesterified using base catalyzed transesterification method. The WFO had an FFA content of 11.3%. The WFO was esterified hourly (1, 2, 3, 4) for reduction in %FFA until about < 1% FFA was achieved prior to transesterification. The esterified oil was transesterified in batches to establish optimum conditions for the reaction by varying; time, temperature, stirring speed and methanol to oil molar ratio respectively. The methyl ester yield from the efficient based catalyzed transesterification of WFO were found to be 50oC, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 1% w/v catalyst concentration and a reaction time duration of 40 minutes, 96% optimum yield and the result of the FTIR analysis confirms the formation of methyl ester having wavelength of absorption at 2959.475nm, 2784.153nm, 1747.191 and 1469.005 respectively. The fuel properties of the methyl ester produced were compared with set ASTM standards and were found to be in line with the standards. Keywords: Waste frying oil, co-solvent, Transesterification, Yield, FTIR analysis and Fuel Properties https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/123125Waste frying oilco-solventTransesterificationYieldFTIR analysis and Fuel Properties |
| spellingShingle | AS Uzoekwe S Omorogbe A Hamolton Amachree Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Waste frying oil co-solvent Transesterification Yield FTIR analysis and Fuel Properties |
| title | Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria |
| title_full | Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria |
| title_short | Alternative Energy Source in a Developing Country: Biodiesel Option in Nigeria |
| title_sort | alternative energy source in a developing country biodiesel option in nigeria |
| topic | Waste frying oil co-solvent Transesterification Yield FTIR analysis and Fuel Properties |
| url | https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/123125 |
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