Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i>
In this study, we performed the genome-wide domain analysis and sequence alignment on the genome of <i>Styela clava</i>, and obtained a repertoire of 204 putative GPCRs, which exhibited a highly reduced gene number compared to vertebrates and cephalochordates. In this repertoire, six Cla...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| author | Jin Zhang Bo Dong Likun Yang |
| author_facet | Jin Zhang Bo Dong Likun Yang |
| author_sort | Jin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we performed the genome-wide domain analysis and sequence alignment on the genome of <i>Styela clava</i>, and obtained a repertoire of 204 putative GPCRs, which exhibited a highly reduced gene number compared to vertebrates and cephalochordates. In this repertoire, six Class C GPCRs, including four metabotropic glutamate receptors (Sc-GRMs), one calcium-sensing receptor (Sc-CaSR), and one gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor 2-like (Sc-GABA<sub>B</sub>R2-like) were identified, with the absence of type 1 taste and vomeronasal receptors. All the Sc-GRMs and Sc-CaSR contained the typical “Venus flytrap” and cysteine-rich domains required for ligand binding and subsequent propagation of conformational changes. In swimming larvae, <i>Sc-grm3</i> and <i>Sc-casr</i> were mainly expressed at the junction of the sensory vesicle and tail nerve cord while the transcripts of <i>Sc-grm4</i>, <i>Sc-grm7a</i>, and <i>Sc-grm7b</i> appeared at the anterior trunk, which suggested their important functions in neurotransmission. The high expression of these Class C receptors at tail-regression and metamorphic juvenile stages hinted at their potential involvement in regulating metamorphosis. In adults, the transcripts were highly expressed in several peripheral tissues, raising the possibility that <i>S. clava</i> Class C GPCRs might function as neurotransmission modulators peripherally after metamorphosis. Our study systematically characterized the ancestral chordate Class C GPCRs to provide insights into the origin and evolution of these receptors in chordates and their roles in regulating physiological and morphogenetic changes relevant to the development and environmental adaption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:53Z |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5d5161de87b455c802d4558ad059b8c2023-11-23T10:08:21ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-05-0111578210.3390/biology11050782Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i>Jin Zhang0Bo Dong1Likun Yang2Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaSars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaSars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaIn this study, we performed the genome-wide domain analysis and sequence alignment on the genome of <i>Styela clava</i>, and obtained a repertoire of 204 putative GPCRs, which exhibited a highly reduced gene number compared to vertebrates and cephalochordates. In this repertoire, six Class C GPCRs, including four metabotropic glutamate receptors (Sc-GRMs), one calcium-sensing receptor (Sc-CaSR), and one gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor 2-like (Sc-GABA<sub>B</sub>R2-like) were identified, with the absence of type 1 taste and vomeronasal receptors. All the Sc-GRMs and Sc-CaSR contained the typical “Venus flytrap” and cysteine-rich domains required for ligand binding and subsequent propagation of conformational changes. In swimming larvae, <i>Sc-grm3</i> and <i>Sc-casr</i> were mainly expressed at the junction of the sensory vesicle and tail nerve cord while the transcripts of <i>Sc-grm4</i>, <i>Sc-grm7a</i>, and <i>Sc-grm7b</i> appeared at the anterior trunk, which suggested their important functions in neurotransmission. The high expression of these Class C receptors at tail-regression and metamorphic juvenile stages hinted at their potential involvement in regulating metamorphosis. In adults, the transcripts were highly expressed in several peripheral tissues, raising the possibility that <i>S. clava</i> Class C GPCRs might function as neurotransmission modulators peripherally after metamorphosis. Our study systematically characterized the ancestral chordate Class C GPCRs to provide insights into the origin and evolution of these receptors in chordates and their roles in regulating physiological and morphogenetic changes relevant to the development and environmental adaption.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/782<i>Styela clava</i>Class C G protein-coupled receptorneurotransmissionconserved domainsexpression pattern |
| spellingShingle | Jin Zhang Bo Dong Likun Yang Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> Biology <i>Styela clava</i> Class C G protein-coupled receptor neurotransmission conserved domains expression pattern |
| title | Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Putative Class C (Glutamate Family) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ascidian <i>Styela clava</i> |
| title_sort | molecular characterization and expression analysis of putative class c glutamate family g protein coupled receptors in ascidian i styela clava i |
| topic | <i>Styela clava</i> Class C G protein-coupled receptor neurotransmission conserved domains expression pattern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/782 |
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