The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato
Plant <i>glutamate-like receptor</i> genes (<i>GLRs</i>) are homologous to mammalian <i>ionotropic glutamate receptors</i> genes (<i>iGluRs</i>). Although GLRs have been implicated in plant defenses to biotic stress, the relationship between GLR-mediat...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11217 |
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| author | Shuxian Feng Caizhe Pan Shuting Ding Qiaomei Ma Chaoyi Hu Ping Wang Kai Shi |
| author_facet | Shuxian Feng Caizhe Pan Shuting Ding Qiaomei Ma Chaoyi Hu Ping Wang Kai Shi |
| author_sort | Shuxian Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant <i>glutamate-like receptor</i> genes (<i>GLRs</i>) are homologous to mammalian <i>ionotropic glutamate receptors</i> genes (<i>iGluRs</i>). Although GLRs have been implicated in plant defenses to biotic stress, the relationship between GLR-mediated plant immunity against fungal pathogens and electrical signals remains poorly understood. Here, we found that pretreatment with a GLR inhibitor, 6,7-dinitriquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), increased the susceptibility of tomato plants to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. Assessment of the <i>glr3.3</i>, <i>glr3.5</i> and <i>glr3.3/glr3.5</i> double-mutants upon <i>B. cinerea</i> infection showed that tomato GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 are essential for plant immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i>, wherein GLR3.3 plays the main role. Analysis of the membrane potential changes induced by glutamate (Glu) or glycine (Gly) revealed that amplitude was significantly reduced by knocking out <i>GLR3.3</i> in tomato. While treatment with Glu or Gly significantly increased immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i> in wild-type plants, this effect was significantly attenuated in <i>glr3.3</i> mutants. Thus, our data demonstrate that GLR3.3- and GLR3.5-mediated plant immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i> is associated with electrical signals in tomato plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5d957a0728443edb7e9a7d09907f14d |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:57:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5d957a0728443edb7e9a7d09907f14d2023-11-23T02:04:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-11-0111231121710.3390/app112311217The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in TomatoShuxian Feng0Caizhe Pan1Shuting Ding2Qiaomei Ma3Chaoyi Hu4Ping Wang5Kai Shi6The Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPlant <i>glutamate-like receptor</i> genes (<i>GLRs</i>) are homologous to mammalian <i>ionotropic glutamate receptors</i> genes (<i>iGluRs</i>). Although GLRs have been implicated in plant defenses to biotic stress, the relationship between GLR-mediated plant immunity against fungal pathogens and electrical signals remains poorly understood. Here, we found that pretreatment with a GLR inhibitor, 6,7-dinitriquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), increased the susceptibility of tomato plants to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. Assessment of the <i>glr3.3</i>, <i>glr3.5</i> and <i>glr3.3/glr3.5</i> double-mutants upon <i>B. cinerea</i> infection showed that tomato GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 are essential for plant immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i>, wherein GLR3.3 plays the main role. Analysis of the membrane potential changes induced by glutamate (Glu) or glycine (Gly) revealed that amplitude was significantly reduced by knocking out <i>GLR3.3</i> in tomato. While treatment with Glu or Gly significantly increased immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i> in wild-type plants, this effect was significantly attenuated in <i>glr3.3</i> mutants. Thus, our data demonstrate that GLR3.3- and GLR3.5-mediated plant immunity against <i>B. cinerea</i> is associated with electrical signals in tomato plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11217glutamate receptor-likenecrotrophic pathogenselectrical signal<i>Botrytis cinerea</i><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Shuxian Feng Caizhe Pan Shuting Ding Qiaomei Ma Chaoyi Hu Ping Wang Kai Shi The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato Applied Sciences glutamate receptor-like necrotrophic pathogens electrical signal <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| title | The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato |
| title_full | The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato |
| title_fullStr | The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato |
| title_short | The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> through Electrical Signaling in Tomato |
| title_sort | glutamate receptor plays a role in defense against i botrytis cinerea i through electrical signaling in tomato |
| topic | glutamate receptor-like necrotrophic pathogens electrical signal <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11217 |
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