Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum
Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and several cancers resulting from tobacco smoking, are initially characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Cytokine imbalances can result in inflammation, making it important to understand the pathological mechanisms behind cytokine production. In this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3715 |
| _version_ | 1797484098071035904 |
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| author | Hongjuan Wang Huan Chen Yaning Fu Min Liu Jingni Zhang Shulei Han Yushan Tian Hongwei Hou Qingyuan Hu |
| author_facet | Hongjuan Wang Huan Chen Yaning Fu Min Liu Jingni Zhang Shulei Han Yushan Tian Hongwei Hou Qingyuan Hu |
| author_sort | Hongjuan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and several cancers resulting from tobacco smoking, are initially characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Cytokine imbalances can result in inflammation, making it important to understand the pathological mechanisms behind cytokine production. In this study, we collected blood samples from 78 healthy male volunteers, including non-smokers (<i>n</i> = 30), current smokers (<i>n</i> = 30), and ex-smokers (<i>n</i> = 18), and utilized the liquid suspension chip technique to investigate and compare the expression levels of 17 cytokines and chemokines in the human serum of these volunteers. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of CXCL9/MIG and sIL-6R significantly increased after smoking, and continued to increase after quitting smoking. The expression levels of TARC, ITAC, and sVEGFR-3 increased after smoking but decreased after quitting smoking; the expression level of SAA significantly decreased after smoking and showed an upward trend after quitting smoking. Seven cytokines (IL-1β, BCA-1, TNF-α, CRP, ENA-78, MDC, and TNFRII) did not vary between the three groups, while four cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and SCF) were not detected in any serum sample. In conclusion, this study assessed the physiological production of cytokines and chemokines, highlighting the differences in each due to smoking status. Our results could help evaluate the early development of smoking-related chronic diseases and cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:56:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5dc56726ea642e0897e9f012f31ad85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:56:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5dc56726ea642e0897e9f012f31ad852023-11-23T18:09:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-06-012712371510.3390/molecules27123715Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human SerumHongjuan Wang0Huan Chen1Yaning Fu2Min Liu3Jingni Zhang4Shulei Han5Yushan Tian6Hongwei Hou7Qingyuan Hu8China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaChina National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, No. 6, Cuizhu Street, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and several cancers resulting from tobacco smoking, are initially characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Cytokine imbalances can result in inflammation, making it important to understand the pathological mechanisms behind cytokine production. In this study, we collected blood samples from 78 healthy male volunteers, including non-smokers (<i>n</i> = 30), current smokers (<i>n</i> = 30), and ex-smokers (<i>n</i> = 18), and utilized the liquid suspension chip technique to investigate and compare the expression levels of 17 cytokines and chemokines in the human serum of these volunteers. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of CXCL9/MIG and sIL-6R significantly increased after smoking, and continued to increase after quitting smoking. The expression levels of TARC, ITAC, and sVEGFR-3 increased after smoking but decreased after quitting smoking; the expression level of SAA significantly decreased after smoking and showed an upward trend after quitting smoking. Seven cytokines (IL-1β, BCA-1, TNF-α, CRP, ENA-78, MDC, and TNFRII) did not vary between the three groups, while four cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and SCF) were not detected in any serum sample. In conclusion, this study assessed the physiological production of cytokines and chemokines, highlighting the differences in each due to smoking status. Our results could help evaluate the early development of smoking-related chronic diseases and cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3715smokinginflammatorycytokinehuman serum |
| spellingShingle | Hongjuan Wang Huan Chen Yaning Fu Min Liu Jingni Zhang Shulei Han Yushan Tian Hongwei Hou Qingyuan Hu Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum Molecules smoking inflammatory cytokine human serum |
| title | Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum |
| title_full | Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum |
| title_short | Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum |
| title_sort | effects of smoking on inflammatory related cytokine levels in human serum |
| topic | smoking inflammatory cytokine human serum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3715 |
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