Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular
Garnet supergroup minerals are in the interest of different applications in geology, mineralogy, and petrology and as optical material for material science. The growth twins of natural tetragonal grossular from the Wiluy River, Yakutia, Russia, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffractio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/11/1638 |
| _version_ | 1797465609009627136 |
|---|---|
| author | Taras L. Panikorovskii Irina O. Galuskina Vladimir N. Bocharov Vladimir V. Shilovskikh Evgeny V. Galuskin |
| author_facet | Taras L. Panikorovskii Irina O. Galuskina Vladimir N. Bocharov Vladimir V. Shilovskikh Evgeny V. Galuskin |
| author_sort | Taras L. Panikorovskii |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Garnet supergroup minerals are in the interest of different applications in geology, mineralogy, and petrology and as optical material for material science. The growth twins of natural tetragonal grossular from the Wiluy River, Yakutia, Russia, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical studies, Raman spectroscopy, microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy. The studied grossular is pseudo-cubic (a = 11.9390 (4), c = 11.9469 (6) Å) and birefringent (0.01). Its structure was refined in the <i>Ia</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i>, <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>acd</i>, <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i>, and <i>I</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mn>4</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i> space groups. The <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i> space group was chosen as the most possible one due to the absence of violating reflections and ordering of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in two independent octahedral sites, which cause the symmetry breaking according to the group–subgroup relation <i>Ia</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i> → <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i>. Octahedral crystals of (H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sup>4−</sup>-substituted grossular are merohedrally twinned by twofold axis along [110]. The mechanism of twining growth led to the generation of stacking faults on the (110) plane and results in the formation of crystals with a long prismatic habit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5f66772f0774d979c355021e09e1d1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5f66772f0774d979c355021e09e1d1e2023-11-24T08:02:17ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-11-011211163810.3390/cryst12111638Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal GrossularTaras L. Panikorovskii0Irina O. Galuskina1Vladimir N. Bocharov2Vladimir V. Shilovskikh3Evgeny V. Galuskin4Laboratory of Nature-Inspired Technologies and Environmental Safety of the Arctic, Nanomaterials Research Centre, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersmana Str. 14, 184209 Apatity, RussiaInstitute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandGeo Environmental Centre “Geomodel”, Saint–Petersburg State University, Ul’yanovskaya Str. 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaGeo Environmental Centre “Geomodel”, Saint–Petersburg State University, Ul’yanovskaya Str. 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandGarnet supergroup minerals are in the interest of different applications in geology, mineralogy, and petrology and as optical material for material science. The growth twins of natural tetragonal grossular from the Wiluy River, Yakutia, Russia, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical studies, Raman spectroscopy, microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy. The studied grossular is pseudo-cubic (a = 11.9390 (4), c = 11.9469 (6) Å) and birefringent (0.01). Its structure was refined in the <i>Ia</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i>, <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>acd</i>, <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i>, and <i>I</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mn>4</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i> space groups. The <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i> space group was chosen as the most possible one due to the absence of violating reflections and ordering of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in two independent octahedral sites, which cause the symmetry breaking according to the group–subgroup relation <i>Ia</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula><i>d</i> → <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>a</i>. Octahedral crystals of (H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sup>4−</sup>-substituted grossular are merohedrally twinned by twofold axis along [110]. The mechanism of twining growth led to the generation of stacking faults on the (110) plane and results in the formation of crystals with a long prismatic habit.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/11/1638grossulartwinmerohedral twinninghydrogarnet defectcation orderingcrystal structure |
| spellingShingle | Taras L. Panikorovskii Irina O. Galuskina Vladimir N. Bocharov Vladimir V. Shilovskikh Evgeny V. Galuskin Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular Crystals grossular twin merohedral twinning hydrogarnet defect cation ordering crystal structure |
| title | Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular |
| title_full | Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular |
| title_fullStr | Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular |
| title_full_unstemmed | Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular |
| title_short | Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular |
| title_sort | merohedral mechanism twining growth of natural cation ordered tetragonal grossular |
| topic | grossular twin merohedral twinning hydrogarnet defect cation ordering crystal structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/11/1638 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT taraslpanikorovskii merohedralmechanismtwininggrowthofnaturalcationorderedtetragonalgrossular AT irinaogaluskina merohedralmechanismtwininggrowthofnaturalcationorderedtetragonalgrossular AT vladimirnbocharov merohedralmechanismtwininggrowthofnaturalcationorderedtetragonalgrossular AT vladimirvshilovskikh merohedralmechanismtwininggrowthofnaturalcationorderedtetragonalgrossular AT evgenyvgaluskin merohedralmechanismtwininggrowthofnaturalcationorderedtetragonalgrossular |