PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations
In the wake of increasing demands on skin health, we propose simple, natural, and safe dry facial masks that restrict melanin synthesis. <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>) is made into powders via a low-temperature extraction and freeze-drying process to serve as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/21/4470 |
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| author | Jian-Hong Lin Bing-Chiuan Shiu Po-Wen Hsu Ching-Wen Lou Jia-Horng Lin |
| author_facet | Jian-Hong Lin Bing-Chiuan Shiu Po-Wen Hsu Ching-Wen Lou Jia-Horng Lin |
| author_sort | Jian-Hong Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the wake of increasing demands on skin health, we propose simple, natural, and safe dry facial masks that restrict melanin synthesis. <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>) is made into powders via a low-temperature extraction and freeze-drying process to serve as a natural agent. Next, it is added to mixtures containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Chitosan (CS), after which the blends are electrospun into PVP/CS/<i>P. emblica</i> nanofiber membrane dry facial masks using the electrospinning technique. The dry facial masks are evaluated using the calibration analysis method, extraction rate test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), release rate test, tyrosinase inhibition assay, biocompatibility test, and anti-inflammatory capacity test. Test results indicate that when the electrospinning mixture contains 29.0% <i>P. emblica</i>, the nanofibers have a diameter of ≤214.27 ± 74.51 nm and a water contact angle of 77.25 ± 2.21. <i>P. emblica</i> is completely released in twenty minutes, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate reaches 99.53 ± 0.45% and the cell activity ≥82.60 ± 1.30%. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory capacity test results suggest that dry facial masks confine inflammatory factors. PVP/CS/<i>P. emblica</i> nanofiber dry facial masks demonstrate excellent tyrosinase inhibition and are hydrophilic, biocompatible, and inflammation-free. The dry facial masks are a suitable material that is worthwhile exploring and applying to the cosmetic field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:44:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e5fa1079ae44410d89be32bfb883be1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:44:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e5fa1079ae44410d89be32bfb883be1b2023-11-24T06:26:47ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-10-011421447010.3390/polym14214470PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and EvaluationsJian-Hong Lin0Bing-Chiuan Shiu1Po-Wen Hsu2Ching-Wen Lou3Jia-Horng Lin4Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaLaboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanFujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaLaboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanIn the wake of increasing demands on skin health, we propose simple, natural, and safe dry facial masks that restrict melanin synthesis. <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>) is made into powders via a low-temperature extraction and freeze-drying process to serve as a natural agent. Next, it is added to mixtures containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Chitosan (CS), after which the blends are electrospun into PVP/CS/<i>P. emblica</i> nanofiber membrane dry facial masks using the electrospinning technique. The dry facial masks are evaluated using the calibration analysis method, extraction rate test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), release rate test, tyrosinase inhibition assay, biocompatibility test, and anti-inflammatory capacity test. Test results indicate that when the electrospinning mixture contains 29.0% <i>P. emblica</i>, the nanofibers have a diameter of ≤214.27 ± 74.51 nm and a water contact angle of 77.25 ± 2.21. <i>P. emblica</i> is completely released in twenty minutes, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate reaches 99.53 ± 0.45% and the cell activity ≥82.60 ± 1.30%. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory capacity test results suggest that dry facial masks confine inflammatory factors. PVP/CS/<i>P. emblica</i> nanofiber dry facial masks demonstrate excellent tyrosinase inhibition and are hydrophilic, biocompatible, and inflammation-free. The dry facial masks are a suitable material that is worthwhile exploring and applying to the cosmetic field.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/21/4470electrospinning<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>)dry facial masksPolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)Chitosan (CS) |
| spellingShingle | Jian-Hong Lin Bing-Chiuan Shiu Po-Wen Hsu Ching-Wen Lou Jia-Horng Lin PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations Polymers electrospinning <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>) dry facial masks Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Chitosan (CS) |
| title | PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations |
| title_full | PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations |
| title_fullStr | PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations |
| title_full_unstemmed | PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations |
| title_short | PVP/CS/<em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations |
| title_sort | pvp cs em phyllanthus emblica em nanofiber membranes for dry facial masks manufacturing process and evaluations |
| topic | electrospinning <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> (<i>P. emblica</i>) dry facial masks Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Chitosan (CS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/21/4470 |
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