An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach
Somatolactin alpha (SLα) is a fish-specific hormone involved in body color regulation. The growth hormone (GH) is another hormone that is expressed in all vertebrates and promotes growth. These peptide hormones act by binding to receptors (SLα receptor (SLR) and GH receptor (GHR)); however, the rela...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/796 |
| _version_ | 1797605402892828672 |
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| author | Yuko Moroki Mamiko Komori Yuko Ogawa Erina Nagumo Haruna Ohno Shoji Fukamachi |
| author_facet | Yuko Moroki Mamiko Komori Yuko Ogawa Erina Nagumo Haruna Ohno Shoji Fukamachi |
| author_sort | Yuko Moroki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Somatolactin alpha (SLα) is a fish-specific hormone involved in body color regulation. The growth hormone (GH) is another hormone that is expressed in all vertebrates and promotes growth. These peptide hormones act by binding to receptors (SLα receptor (SLR) and GH receptor (GHR)); however, the relationships between these ligands and their receptors vary among species. Here, we first performed phylogenetic tree reconstruction by collecting the amino-acid sequences classified as SLR, GHR, or GHR-like from bony fish. Second, we impaired SLR or GHR functions in medaka (<i>Oryzias sakaizumii</i>) using CRISPR/Cas9. Lastly, we analyzed SLR and GHR mutants for phenotypes to deduce their functions. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was performed using a total of 222 amino-acid sequences from 136 species, which revealed that many GHRa and GHRb are vaguely termed as GHR or GHR-like, while showing no orthologous/paralogous relationships. SLR and GHR mutants were successfully established for phenotyping. SLR mutants exhibited premature lethality after hatching, indicating an essential role for SLR in normal growth. GHR mutations did not affect viability, body length, or body color. These results provide no evidence that either SLR or GHR functions as a receptor for SLα; rather, phylogenetically and functionally, they seem to be receptors for GH, although their (subfunctionalized) roles warrant further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e60340a5fc4f4b00bc022738f1c6f431 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-e60340a5fc4f4b00bc022738f1c6f4312023-11-17T19:22:33ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-03-0114479610.3390/genes14040796An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics ApproachYuko Moroki0Mamiko Komori1Yuko Ogawa2Erina Nagumo3Haruna Ohno4Shoji Fukamachi5Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 112-8681, JapanSomatolactin alpha (SLα) is a fish-specific hormone involved in body color regulation. The growth hormone (GH) is another hormone that is expressed in all vertebrates and promotes growth. These peptide hormones act by binding to receptors (SLα receptor (SLR) and GH receptor (GHR)); however, the relationships between these ligands and their receptors vary among species. Here, we first performed phylogenetic tree reconstruction by collecting the amino-acid sequences classified as SLR, GHR, or GHR-like from bony fish. Second, we impaired SLR or GHR functions in medaka (<i>Oryzias sakaizumii</i>) using CRISPR/Cas9. Lastly, we analyzed SLR and GHR mutants for phenotypes to deduce their functions. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was performed using a total of 222 amino-acid sequences from 136 species, which revealed that many GHRa and GHRb are vaguely termed as GHR or GHR-like, while showing no orthologous/paralogous relationships. SLR and GHR mutants were successfully established for phenotyping. SLR mutants exhibited premature lethality after hatching, indicating an essential role for SLR in normal growth. GHR mutations did not affect viability, body length, or body color. These results provide no evidence that either SLR or GHR functions as a receptor for SLα; rather, phylogenetically and functionally, they seem to be receptors for GH, although their (subfunctionalized) roles warrant further investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/796medaka fishphylogenetic reconstructiongenome editingframeshift mutationsgrowth hormone receptorsomatolactin alpha receptor |
| spellingShingle | Yuko Moroki Mamiko Komori Yuko Ogawa Erina Nagumo Haruna Ohno Shoji Fukamachi An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach Genes medaka fish phylogenetic reconstruction genome editing frameshift mutations growth hormone receptor somatolactin alpha receptor |
| title | An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach |
| title_full | An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach |
| title_fullStr | An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach |
| title_short | An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach |
| title_sort | attempt to identify the medaka receptor for somatolactin alpha using a reverse genetics approach |
| topic | medaka fish phylogenetic reconstruction genome editing frameshift mutations growth hormone receptor somatolactin alpha receptor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/796 |
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