Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations
The use of pyrethroids is very broad and shows increasing trends. Human biomonitoring studies represent the best approach for realistic risk estimations, but their interpretation requires a tiered approach. A previous HBM4EU study indicated levels in European children groups just around the threshol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/24 |
| _version_ | 1797342518926376960 |
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| author | Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez Maria Carmen González-Caballero Jose V. Tarazona |
| author_facet | Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez Maria Carmen González-Caballero Jose V. Tarazona |
| author_sort | Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of pyrethroids is very broad and shows increasing trends. Human biomonitoring studies represent the best approach for realistic risk estimations, but their interpretation requires a tiered approach. A previous HBM4EU study indicated levels in European children groups just around the threshold for concern, requiring further refinement. The main difficulty is that several pyrethroids with different toxicity potencies generate the same urinary metabolites. As diet is the main pyrethroid source for the general population, EU food monitoring data reported by EFSA have been used to estimate the relative contribution of each pyrethroid. The main contributors were cypermethrin for DCCA and 3-PBA and lambda-cyhalothrin for CFMP. Urinary levels predicted from food concentration according to the EFSA diets were mostly within the range of measured levels, except 3-PBA and CFMP levels in children, both below measured levels. The predicted lower levels for 3-PBA can be explained by the very low Fue value, initially proposed as conservative, but that seems to be unrealistic. The discrepancies for CFMP are mostly for the highest percentiles and require further assessments. The refined assessments included the revision of the previously proposed human biomonitoring guidance values for the general population, HBM-GV Gen Pop, following recent toxicological reevaluations, and the estimation of hazard quotients (HQs) for each individual pyrethroid and for the combined exposure to all pyrethroids. All HQs were below 1, indicating no immediate concern, but attention is required, particularly for children, with HQs in the range of 0.2–0.3 for the highly exposed group. The application of probabilistic methods offers assessments at the population level, addressing the variability in exposure and risk and providing relevant information for Public Health impact assessments and risk management prioritization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e630ccab8893477fa29571aae051dc61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e630ccab8893477fa29571aae051dc612024-01-26T18:40:58ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-12-011212410.3390/toxics12010024Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk EstimationsMercedes de Alba-Gonzalez0Maria Carmen González-Caballero1Jose V. Tarazona2National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainNational Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainNational Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, SpainThe use of pyrethroids is very broad and shows increasing trends. Human biomonitoring studies represent the best approach for realistic risk estimations, but their interpretation requires a tiered approach. A previous HBM4EU study indicated levels in European children groups just around the threshold for concern, requiring further refinement. The main difficulty is that several pyrethroids with different toxicity potencies generate the same urinary metabolites. As diet is the main pyrethroid source for the general population, EU food monitoring data reported by EFSA have been used to estimate the relative contribution of each pyrethroid. The main contributors were cypermethrin for DCCA and 3-PBA and lambda-cyhalothrin for CFMP. Urinary levels predicted from food concentration according to the EFSA diets were mostly within the range of measured levels, except 3-PBA and CFMP levels in children, both below measured levels. The predicted lower levels for 3-PBA can be explained by the very low Fue value, initially proposed as conservative, but that seems to be unrealistic. The discrepancies for CFMP are mostly for the highest percentiles and require further assessments. The refined assessments included the revision of the previously proposed human biomonitoring guidance values for the general population, HBM-GV Gen Pop, following recent toxicological reevaluations, and the estimation of hazard quotients (HQs) for each individual pyrethroid and for the combined exposure to all pyrethroids. All HQs were below 1, indicating no immediate concern, but attention is required, particularly for children, with HQs in the range of 0.2–0.3 for the highly exposed group. The application of probabilistic methods offers assessments at the population level, addressing the variability in exposure and risk and providing relevant information for Public Health impact assessments and risk management prioritization.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/24pyrethroidsurinary levelsDCCACFMP3PBADBCA |
| spellingShingle | Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez Maria Carmen González-Caballero Jose V. Tarazona Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations Toxics pyrethroids urinary levels DCCA CFMP 3PBA DBCA |
| title | Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations |
| title_full | Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations |
| title_fullStr | Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations |
| title_short | Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations |
| title_sort | applicability of food monitoring data for assessing relative exposure contributions of pyrethroids in retrospective human biomonitoring risk estimations |
| topic | pyrethroids urinary levels DCCA CFMP 3PBA DBCA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/24 |
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