Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/213 |
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| author | Li Chen Li Wei Xudong Su Leilei Qin Zhenghao Xu Xiao Huang Hong Chen Ning Hu |
| author_facet | Li Chen Li Wei Xudong Su Leilei Qin Zhenghao Xu Xiao Huang Hong Chen Ning Hu |
| author_sort | Li Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:28Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e64157f6a4ce40da808a2041ac2a862c2023-11-16T19:11:15ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-02-0110221310.3390/bioengineering10020213Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect RepairLi Chen0Li Wei1Xudong Su2Leilei Qin3Zhenghao Xu4Xiao Huang5Hong Chen6Ning Hu7Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaOsteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/213gradient scaffoldmesenchymal stem cellsosteochondral defecttissue engineeringregeneration |
| spellingShingle | Li Chen Li Wei Xudong Su Leilei Qin Zhenghao Xu Xiao Huang Hong Chen Ning Hu Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair Bioengineering gradient scaffold mesenchymal stem cells osteochondral defect tissue engineering regeneration |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of biomimetic functional scaffold with gradient structure for osteochondral defect repair |
| topic | gradient scaffold mesenchymal stem cells osteochondral defect tissue engineering regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/213 |
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