The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
Because of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several ho...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611/full |
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| author | Yujuan Chai Qihang Li Yang Wang Enxiang Tao Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa |
| author_facet | Yujuan Chai Qihang Li Yang Wang Enxiang Tao Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa |
| author_sort | Yujuan Chai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Because of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, such as corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, have been considered because of their critical roles in stress regulation in the mothers. The study designs are complicated, however, and so the effectiveness of these hormones as biomarkers for PPD is still controversial. Such inconsistency may have resulted from the variation in methodology between studies. The methodology problems in the investigation of PPD and HPA axis hormones have not been reported extensively. We therefore sought to summarize the methodological problems of studies published in the past decade, including the strengths and weaknesses of the examinations and the technological difficulties involved. Our findings suggest that (a) suitable samples and appropriate detection methods would reduce heterogeneity among trials; (b) the cutoff value of the scale test should be carefully selected for determining the performance of biomarker tests; (c) evaluation methods and criteria should be chosen with consideration of the tools feasible for use in local hospitals and population; and (d) the cost of diagnosis should be reduced. We hope that these findings provide insight for future investigations of HPA axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of PPD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:15:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e655f7543f6b47a5b258cd0e69c17104 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:15:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e655f7543f6b47a5b258cd0e69c171042022-12-22T00:57:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-07-011310.3389/fendo.2022.916611916611The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About MethodologyYujuan Chai0Qihang Li1Yang Wang2Enxiang Tao3Tetsuya Asakawa4Tetsuya Asakawa5Tetsuya Asakawa6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaGreater Bay Area International Institute for Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, ChinaInstitute of Neurology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, ChinaResearch Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, ChinaBecause of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, such as corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, have been considered because of their critical roles in stress regulation in the mothers. The study designs are complicated, however, and so the effectiveness of these hormones as biomarkers for PPD is still controversial. Such inconsistency may have resulted from the variation in methodology between studies. The methodology problems in the investigation of PPD and HPA axis hormones have not been reported extensively. We therefore sought to summarize the methodological problems of studies published in the past decade, including the strengths and weaknesses of the examinations and the technological difficulties involved. Our findings suggest that (a) suitable samples and appropriate detection methods would reduce heterogeneity among trials; (b) the cutoff value of the scale test should be carefully selected for determining the performance of biomarker tests; (c) evaluation methods and criteria should be chosen with consideration of the tools feasible for use in local hospitals and population; and (d) the cost of diagnosis should be reduced. We hope that these findings provide insight for future investigations of HPA axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of PPD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611/fullaxis hormonesadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)behavioral assessmentcortisolcorticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)postpartum depression |
| spellingShingle | Yujuan Chai Qihang Li Yang Wang Enxiang Tao Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa Tetsuya Asakawa The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology Frontiers in Endocrinology axis hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) behavioral assessment cortisol corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) postpartum depression |
| title | The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology |
| title_full | The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology |
| title_fullStr | The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology |
| title_short | The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology |
| title_sort | value of hpa axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of postpartum depression updated information about methodology |
| topic | axis hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) behavioral assessment cortisol corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) postpartum depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611/full |
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