A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries
This work presents a battery management system for lead–acid batteries that integrates a battery-block (12 V) sensor that allows the online monitoring of a cell’s temperature, voltage, and impedance spectra. The monitoring and diagnostic capabilities enable the implementation of improved battery man...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1228 |
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| author | Javier Olarte Jaione Martínez de Ilarduya Ekaitz Zulueta Raquel Ferret Unai Fernández-Gámiz Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede |
| author_facet | Javier Olarte Jaione Martínez de Ilarduya Ekaitz Zulueta Raquel Ferret Unai Fernández-Gámiz Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede |
| author_sort | Javier Olarte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a battery management system for lead–acid batteries that integrates a battery-block (12 V) sensor that allows the online monitoring of a cell’s temperature, voltage, and impedance spectra. The monitoring and diagnostic capabilities enable the implementation of improved battery management algorithms in order to increase the life expectancy of lead–acid batteries and report the battery health conditions. The novelty is based on the online monitoring of the evolution of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over a battery’s life as a way to monitor the battery’s performance. Active cell balancing is also proposed as an alternative to traditional charge equalization to minimize excessive electrolyte consumption. A battery-block sensor (VTZ) was validated by using the correlation between experimental data collected from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy lab-testing equipment and sensors that were implemented in a series of 12 V lead–acid battery blocks. The modular design and small size allow easy and direct integration into different commercial cell formats, and the proposed methodology can be used for applications ranging from automotive to stationary energy storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e659fd0755e841d1b16e7ac46e631cbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:10:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e659fd0755e841d1b16e7ac46e631cbd2023-11-21T20:49:09ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-05-011011122810.3390/electronics10111228A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid BatteriesJavier Olarte0Jaione Martínez de Ilarduya1Ekaitz Zulueta2Raquel Ferret3Unai Fernández-Gámiz4Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede5Bcare, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Miñano, Álava, SpainBcare, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Miñano, Álava, SpainDepartment of Systems Engineering and Automation Control, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz, Álava, SpainCentre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, SpainDepartment of Nuclear Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz, Álava, SpainDepartment of Systems Engineering and Automation Control, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz, Álava, SpainThis work presents a battery management system for lead–acid batteries that integrates a battery-block (12 V) sensor that allows the online monitoring of a cell’s temperature, voltage, and impedance spectra. The monitoring and diagnostic capabilities enable the implementation of improved battery management algorithms in order to increase the life expectancy of lead–acid batteries and report the battery health conditions. The novelty is based on the online monitoring of the evolution of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over a battery’s life as a way to monitor the battery’s performance. Active cell balancing is also proposed as an alternative to traditional charge equalization to minimize excessive electrolyte consumption. A battery-block sensor (VTZ) was validated by using the correlation between experimental data collected from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy lab-testing equipment and sensors that were implemented in a series of 12 V lead–acid battery blocks. The modular design and small size allow easy and direct integration into different commercial cell formats, and the proposed methodology can be used for applications ranging from automotive to stationary energy storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1228battery management systemmultimodal sensorelectrochemical impedance spectroscopystate of chargestate of healthlead–acid batteries |
| spellingShingle | Javier Olarte Jaione Martínez de Ilarduya Ekaitz Zulueta Raquel Ferret Unai Fernández-Gámiz Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries Electronics battery management system multimodal sensor electrochemical impedance spectroscopy state of charge state of health lead–acid batteries |
| title | A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries |
| title_full | A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries |
| title_fullStr | A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries |
| title_short | A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries |
| title_sort | battery management system with eis monitoring of life expectancy for lead acid batteries |
| topic | battery management system multimodal sensor electrochemical impedance spectroscopy state of charge state of health lead–acid batteries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1228 |
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