Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp.
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most serious threats to global human health and, appropriately, research to tackle AMR garnishes significant investment and extensive attention from the scientific community. However, most of this effort focuses on antibiotics, and research int...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/121 |
| _version_ | 1797560884897251328 |
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| author | Callum J. O’Kane Rachel Weild Edel M. Hyland |
| author_facet | Callum J. O’Kane Rachel Weild Edel M. Hyland |
| author_sort | Callum J. O’Kane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most serious threats to global human health and, appropriately, research to tackle AMR garnishes significant investment and extensive attention from the scientific community. However, most of this effort focuses on antibiotics, and research into anti-fungal resistance (AFR) is vastly under-represented in comparison. Given the growing number of vulnerable, immunocompromised individuals, as well as the positive impact global warming has on fungal growth, there is an immediate urgency to tackle fungal disease, and the disturbing rise in AFR. Chromatin structure and gene expression regulation play pivotal roles in the adaptation of fungal species to anti-fungal stress, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue to tackle AFR. In this review we discuss both the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which chromatin structure can dictate AFR mechanisms and will present evidence of how pathogenic yeast, specifically from the <i>Candida</i> genus, modify chromatin structure to promote survival in the presence of anti-fungal drugs. We also discuss the mechanisms by which anti-chromatin therapy, specifically lysine deacetylase inhibitors, influence the acquisition and phenotypic expression of AFR in <i>Candida</i> spp. and their potential as effective adjuvants to mitigate against AFR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:06:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e65dd95faf654b708997072f68c07639 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-e65dd95faf654b708997072f68c076392023-11-20T08:28:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-07-016312110.3390/jof6030121Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp.Callum J. O’Kane0Rachel Weild1Edel M. Hyland2School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Northern IrelandSchool of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Northern IrelandSchool of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, Northern IrelandAnti-microbial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most serious threats to global human health and, appropriately, research to tackle AMR garnishes significant investment and extensive attention from the scientific community. However, most of this effort focuses on antibiotics, and research into anti-fungal resistance (AFR) is vastly under-represented in comparison. Given the growing number of vulnerable, immunocompromised individuals, as well as the positive impact global warming has on fungal growth, there is an immediate urgency to tackle fungal disease, and the disturbing rise in AFR. Chromatin structure and gene expression regulation play pivotal roles in the adaptation of fungal species to anti-fungal stress, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue to tackle AFR. In this review we discuss both the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which chromatin structure can dictate AFR mechanisms and will present evidence of how pathogenic yeast, specifically from the <i>Candida</i> genus, modify chromatin structure to promote survival in the presence of anti-fungal drugs. We also discuss the mechanisms by which anti-chromatin therapy, specifically lysine deacetylase inhibitors, influence the acquisition and phenotypic expression of AFR in <i>Candida</i> spp. and their potential as effective adjuvants to mitigate against AFR.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/121epigeneticsphenotypic resistancehistone acetylationCandidalysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Callum J. O’Kane Rachel Weild Edel M. Hyland Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. Journal of Fungi epigenetics phenotypic resistance histone acetylation Candida lysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitors |
| title | Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title_full | Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title_fullStr | Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title_short | Chromatin Structure and Drug Resistance in <i>Candida</i> spp. |
| title_sort | chromatin structure and drug resistance in i candida i spp |
| topic | epigenetics phenotypic resistance histone acetylation Candida lysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/121 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT callumjokane chromatinstructureanddrugresistanceinicandidaispp AT rachelweild chromatinstructureanddrugresistanceinicandidaispp AT edelmhyland chromatinstructureanddrugresistanceinicandidaispp |