L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells
L-proline (proline) is a key regulator of embryogenesis, placental development, and fetal growth. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of proline are largely unknown. This study used porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 (pTr2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/5/742 |
| _version_ | 1797533849878528000 |
|---|---|
| author | Ning Liu Ying Yang Xuemeng Si Hai Jia Yunchang Zhang Da Jiang Zhaolai Dai Zhenlong Wu |
| author_facet | Ning Liu Ying Yang Xuemeng Si Hai Jia Yunchang Zhang Da Jiang Zhaolai Dai Zhenlong Wu |
| author_sort | Ning Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | L-proline (proline) is a key regulator of embryogenesis, placental development, and fetal growth. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of proline are largely unknown. This study used porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 (pTr2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms of proline in cell proliferation and redox homeostasis. Cells were cultured in the presence of 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 mmol/L proline for an indicated time. The results showed that 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L proline enhanced cell viability. These effects of proline (0.5 mmol/L) were accompanied by the enhanced protein abundance of p-mTORC1, p-p70S6K, p-S6, and p-4E-BP1. Additionally, proline dose-dependently enhanced the mRNA expression of proline transporters [solute carrier family (<i>SLC</i>) <i>6A20</i>, <i>SLC36A1</i>, <i>SLC36A2</i>, <i>SLC38A1</i>, and <i>SLC38A2</i>], elevated proline concentration, and protein abundance of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). Furthermore, proline addition (0.25 or 0.5 mmol/L) resulted in lower abundance of p-AMPK<i>α</i> when compared with a control. Of note, proline resulted in lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, upregulated mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate–cysteine ligase (<i>GCLC</i>) and glutathione synthetase (<i>GSS</i>), as well as enhanced total (T)-GSH and GSH concentration when compared with a control. These data indicated that proline activates themTORC1 signaling and modulates the intracellular redox environment via enhancing proline transport. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:21:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e65fa69374bc4df6aa86c934866e6cda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:21:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e65fa69374bc4df6aa86c934866e6cda2023-11-21T20:01:03ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-05-0111574210.3390/biom11050742L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm CellsNing Liu0Ying Yang1Xuemeng Si2Hai Jia3Yunchang Zhang4Da Jiang5Zhaolai Dai6Zhenlong Wu7State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaL-proline (proline) is a key regulator of embryogenesis, placental development, and fetal growth. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of proline are largely unknown. This study used porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 (pTr2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms of proline in cell proliferation and redox homeostasis. Cells were cultured in the presence of 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 mmol/L proline for an indicated time. The results showed that 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L proline enhanced cell viability. These effects of proline (0.5 mmol/L) were accompanied by the enhanced protein abundance of p-mTORC1, p-p70S6K, p-S6, and p-4E-BP1. Additionally, proline dose-dependently enhanced the mRNA expression of proline transporters [solute carrier family (<i>SLC</i>) <i>6A20</i>, <i>SLC36A1</i>, <i>SLC36A2</i>, <i>SLC38A1</i>, and <i>SLC38A2</i>], elevated proline concentration, and protein abundance of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). Furthermore, proline addition (0.25 or 0.5 mmol/L) resulted in lower abundance of p-AMPK<i>α</i> when compared with a control. Of note, proline resulted in lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, upregulated mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate–cysteine ligase (<i>GCLC</i>) and glutathione synthetase (<i>GSS</i>), as well as enhanced total (T)-GSH and GSH concentration when compared with a control. These data indicated that proline activates themTORC1 signaling and modulates the intracellular redox environment via enhancing proline transport.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/5/742L-prolinemammalian target of rapamycin complex 1porcine trophectoderm cell line 2proline dehydrogenasetransportersredox homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Ning Liu Ying Yang Xuemeng Si Hai Jia Yunchang Zhang Da Jiang Zhaolai Dai Zhenlong Wu L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells Biomolecules L-proline mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 proline dehydrogenase transporters redox homeostasis |
| title | L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells |
| title_full | L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells |
| title_fullStr | L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells |
| title_short | L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells |
| title_sort | l proline activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and modulates redox environment in porcine trophectoderm cells |
| topic | L-proline mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 proline dehydrogenase transporters redox homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/5/742 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ningliu lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT yingyang lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT xuemengsi lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT haijia lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT yunchangzhang lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT dajiang lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT zhaolaidai lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells AT zhenlongwu lprolineactivatesmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1andmodulatesredoxenvironmentinporcinetrophectodermcells |