The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon)
Monitoring lemon production requires appropriate and efficient technology. The use of UAVs can addressed these challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the best vegetation indices (VIs) for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height (PH), canopy area (CA), and fruit total numberas (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sebelas Maret University
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Sains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/72485 |
| _version_ | 1797367645811507200 |
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| author | Buyung Al Fanshuri Cahyo Prayogo Soemarno Soemarno Sugeng Prijono Novi Arfarita |
| author_facet | Buyung Al Fanshuri Cahyo Prayogo Soemarno Soemarno Sugeng Prijono Novi Arfarita |
| author_sort | Buyung Al Fanshuri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monitoring lemon production requires appropriate and efficient technology. The use of UAVs can addressed these challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the best vegetation indices (VIs) for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height (PH), canopy area (CA), and fruit total numberas (FTN). CCM 200 was used as a tool to measure the chlorophyll content index (CCI), the number of fruits was measured by hand-counter, and other variables were recorded in meters. The UAV used was a Phantom 4 with a multispectral camera capable of capturing five different bands. The VIs was obtained via analysis of digital numbers generated by the multispectral camera. Then, the VIs was correlated with the CCI, PH, CA and FTN. VIs tested included the following: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalized difference vegetation index-green (NDVIg), the normalized different index (NDI), green minus red (GMR), simple ratio (SR), the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), normalized difference red edge (NDRE), simple ratio red-edge (SRRE), the simple ratio vegetation index (SRVI), and the Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (CCCI). The best model for predicting CCI was obtained using the NDVIg (R2=0.8480; RMSE=6.1665 and RRMSE=0.0908). Meanwhile, SR turned out to be the best model for predicting PH (R2=0.8266; RMSE=15.6432 and RRMSE=0.0883), CA (R2=0.6886; RMSE= 0.8826 and RRMSE=0.1907), and FTN (R2=0.6850; RMSE=24.5574 and RRMSE=0.3503). The implication of these results for future activities includes establishing early monitoring and evaluation systems for lemon yield and production. This model was developed and tested in this specific location and under these environmental conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:20:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6635a2dc49146438503e43bd940d84b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1412-3606 2356-1424 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Sebelas Maret University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6635a2dc49146438503e43bd940d84b2024-01-03T06:57:31ZengSebelas Maret UniversitySains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology1412-36062356-14242023-12-0120222123010.20961/stjssa.v20i2.7248540091The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon)Buyung Al Fanshuri0Cahyo Prayogo1Soemarno Soemarno2Sugeng Prijono3Novi Arfarita4Doctoral Program of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BrawijayaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BrawijayaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BrawijayaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BrawijayaFaculty of Agriculture, University Islam MalangMonitoring lemon production requires appropriate and efficient technology. The use of UAVs can addressed these challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the best vegetation indices (VIs) for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height (PH), canopy area (CA), and fruit total numberas (FTN). CCM 200 was used as a tool to measure the chlorophyll content index (CCI), the number of fruits was measured by hand-counter, and other variables were recorded in meters. The UAV used was a Phantom 4 with a multispectral camera capable of capturing five different bands. The VIs was obtained via analysis of digital numbers generated by the multispectral camera. Then, the VIs was correlated with the CCI, PH, CA and FTN. VIs tested included the following: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalized difference vegetation index-green (NDVIg), the normalized different index (NDI), green minus red (GMR), simple ratio (SR), the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), normalized difference red edge (NDRE), simple ratio red-edge (SRRE), the simple ratio vegetation index (SRVI), and the Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (CCCI). The best model for predicting CCI was obtained using the NDVIg (R2=0.8480; RMSE=6.1665 and RRMSE=0.0908). Meanwhile, SR turned out to be the best model for predicting PH (R2=0.8266; RMSE=15.6432 and RRMSE=0.0883), CA (R2=0.6886; RMSE= 0.8826 and RRMSE=0.1907), and FTN (R2=0.6850; RMSE=24.5574 and RRMSE=0.3503). The implication of these results for future activities includes establishing early monitoring and evaluation systems for lemon yield and production. This model was developed and tested in this specific location and under these environmental conditions.https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/72485multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (uav)imagefield measurementsnondestructivevegetation indices |
| spellingShingle | Buyung Al Fanshuri Cahyo Prayogo Soemarno Soemarno Sugeng Prijono Novi Arfarita The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) Sains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) image field measurements nondestructive vegetation indices |
| title | The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) |
| title_full | The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) |
| title_fullStr | The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) |
| title_short | The reliability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content, plant height, canopy area, and fruit total number of Lemons (Citrus limon) |
| title_sort | reliability of unmanned aerial vehicles uavs equipped with multispectral cameras for estimating chlorophyll content plant height canopy area and fruit total number of lemons citrus limon |
| topic | multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) image field measurements nondestructive vegetation indices |
| url | https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/tanah/article/view/72485 |
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