Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil
Freshwater scarcity is a significant concern due to climate change in some regions of Brazil; likewise, evaporation rates have increased over the years. Floating photovoltaic systems can reduce water evaporation from reservoirs by suppressing the evaporating area on the water surface. This work eval...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6274 |
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| author | Fernando Roberto dos Santos Giovana Katie Wiecheteck Jorim Sousa das Virgens Filho Gabriel Alfredo Carranza Terrence Lynn Chambers Afef Fekih |
| author_facet | Fernando Roberto dos Santos Giovana Katie Wiecheteck Jorim Sousa das Virgens Filho Gabriel Alfredo Carranza Terrence Lynn Chambers Afef Fekih |
| author_sort | Fernando Roberto dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Freshwater scarcity is a significant concern due to climate change in some regions of Brazil; likewise, evaporation rates have increased over the years. Floating photovoltaic systems can reduce water evaporation from reservoirs by suppressing the evaporating area on the water surface. This work evaluated the effects of floating photovoltaic systems on water evaporation rates in the Passaúna Reservoir, southeastern Brazil. Meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were used to estimate the rate of water evaporation using FAO Penman–Monteith, Linacre, Hargreaves–Samani, Rohwer, and Valiantzas methods. The methods were tested with the Kruskal–Wallis test, including measured evaporation from the nearest meteorological station to determine whether there were significant differences between the medians of the methods considering a 95% confidence level for hypothesis testing. All methods differed from the standard method recommended by the FAO Penman–Monteith. Simulations with more extensive coverage areas of the floating photovoltaic system were carried out to verify the relationship between the surface water coverage area and the evaporation reduction efficiency provided by the system and to obtain the avoided water evaporation volume. For the floating photovoltaic system with a coverage area of 1265.14 m<sup>2</sup>, an efficiency of 60.20% was obtained in reducing water evaporation; future expansions of the FPS were simulated with coverage areas corresponding to energy production capacities of 1 MWp, 2.5 MWp, and 5 MWp. The results indicated that for a floating photovoltaic system coverage area corresponding to 5 MWp of energy production capacity, the saved water volume would be enough to supply over 196 people for a year. More significant areas, such as covering up the entire available surface area of the Passaúna reservoir with a floating photovoltaic system, could save up to 2.69 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume annually, representing a more significant value for the public management of water resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:52:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e663f4110a684b9384dad526722b4a27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:52:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-e663f4110a684b9384dad526722b4a272023-11-23T13:03:19ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011517627410.3390/en15176274Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, BrazilFernando Roberto dos Santos0Giovana Katie Wiecheteck1Jorim Sousa das Virgens Filho2Gabriel Alfredo Carranza3Terrence Lynn Chambers4Afef Fekih5Postgraduate Master Degree Program in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Av., Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilPostgraduate Master Degree Program in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Av., Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilPostgraduate Master Degree Program in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748 Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti Av., Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilEnergy Efficiency and Sustainable Energy Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USAFreshwater scarcity is a significant concern due to climate change in some regions of Brazil; likewise, evaporation rates have increased over the years. Floating photovoltaic systems can reduce water evaporation from reservoirs by suppressing the evaporating area on the water surface. This work evaluated the effects of floating photovoltaic systems on water evaporation rates in the Passaúna Reservoir, southeastern Brazil. Meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were used to estimate the rate of water evaporation using FAO Penman–Monteith, Linacre, Hargreaves–Samani, Rohwer, and Valiantzas methods. The methods were tested with the Kruskal–Wallis test, including measured evaporation from the nearest meteorological station to determine whether there were significant differences between the medians of the methods considering a 95% confidence level for hypothesis testing. All methods differed from the standard method recommended by the FAO Penman–Monteith. Simulations with more extensive coverage areas of the floating photovoltaic system were carried out to verify the relationship between the surface water coverage area and the evaporation reduction efficiency provided by the system and to obtain the avoided water evaporation volume. For the floating photovoltaic system with a coverage area of 1265.14 m<sup>2</sup>, an efficiency of 60.20% was obtained in reducing water evaporation; future expansions of the FPS were simulated with coverage areas corresponding to energy production capacities of 1 MWp, 2.5 MWp, and 5 MWp. The results indicated that for a floating photovoltaic system coverage area corresponding to 5 MWp of energy production capacity, the saved water volume would be enough to supply over 196 people for a year. More significant areas, such as covering up the entire available surface area of the Passaúna reservoir with a floating photovoltaic system, could save up to 2.69 hm<sup>3</sup> of water volume annually, representing a more significant value for the public management of water resources.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6274water evaporationfloating photovoltaicsclimate changes |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Roberto dos Santos Giovana Katie Wiecheteck Jorim Sousa das Virgens Filho Gabriel Alfredo Carranza Terrence Lynn Chambers Afef Fekih Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil Energies water evaporation floating photovoltaics climate changes |
| title | Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil |
| title_full | Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil |
| title_short | Effects of a Floating Photovoltaic System on the Water Evaporation Rate in the Passaúna Reservoir, Brazil |
| title_sort | effects of a floating photovoltaic system on the water evaporation rate in the passauna reservoir brazil |
| topic | water evaporation floating photovoltaics climate changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6274 |
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