The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis
The complete mitogenomes of four species, <i>Neptis thisbe</i>, <i>Neptis obscurior</i>, <i>Athyma zeroca</i>, and <i>Aldania raddei</i>, were sequenced with sizes ranging from 15,172 bp (<i>N. obscurior</i>) to 16,348 bp (<i>Al. radd...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/16 |
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| author | Ning Liu Lijun Fang Yalin Zhang |
| author_facet | Ning Liu Lijun Fang Yalin Zhang |
| author_sort | Ning Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The complete mitogenomes of four species, <i>Neptis thisbe</i>, <i>Neptis obscurior</i>, <i>Athyma zeroca</i>, and <i>Aldania raddei</i>, were sequenced with sizes ranging from 15,172 bp (<i>N. obscurior</i>) to 16,348 bp (<i>Al. raddei</i>). All four mitogenomes display similar nucleotide content and codon usage of protein-coding genes (PCGs). Typical cloverleaf secondary structures are identified in 21 tRNA genes, while <i>trnS1</i> (AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHC) arm. The gene orientation and arrangement of the four mitogenomes are similar to that of other typical mitogenomes of Lepidoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio of 13 PCGs among 58 Limenitidinae species reveals that <i>cox1</i> had the slowest evolutionary rate, while <i>atp8</i> and <i>nad6</i> exhibited a higher evolutionary rate. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that tribe-levels are well-supported monophyletic groups. Additionally, Maximum Likelihood analysis recovered the relationship (Parthenini + ((Chalingini + (Cymothoini + Neptini)) + (Adoliadini + Limenitidini))). However, a Bayesian analysis based on the same dataset recovered the relationship (Parthenini + (Adoliadini + ((Cymothoini + Neptini) + (Chalingini + Limenitidini)))). These results will offer valuable data for the future study of the phylogenetic relationships for Limenitidinae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:16:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e664810ef4614414b57886be0ae9740f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:16:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-e664810ef4614414b57886be0ae9740f2023-11-23T14:09:25ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-12-011311610.3390/insects13010016The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic AnalysisNing Liu0Lijun Fang1Yalin Zhang2Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaShaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an 710061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaThe complete mitogenomes of four species, <i>Neptis thisbe</i>, <i>Neptis obscurior</i>, <i>Athyma zeroca</i>, and <i>Aldania raddei</i>, were sequenced with sizes ranging from 15,172 bp (<i>N. obscurior</i>) to 16,348 bp (<i>Al. raddei</i>). All four mitogenomes display similar nucleotide content and codon usage of protein-coding genes (PCGs). Typical cloverleaf secondary structures are identified in 21 tRNA genes, while <i>trnS1</i> (AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHC) arm. The gene orientation and arrangement of the four mitogenomes are similar to that of other typical mitogenomes of Lepidoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio of 13 PCGs among 58 Limenitidinae species reveals that <i>cox1</i> had the slowest evolutionary rate, while <i>atp8</i> and <i>nad6</i> exhibited a higher evolutionary rate. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that tribe-levels are well-supported monophyletic groups. Additionally, Maximum Likelihood analysis recovered the relationship (Parthenini + ((Chalingini + (Cymothoini + Neptini)) + (Adoliadini + Limenitidini))). However, a Bayesian analysis based on the same dataset recovered the relationship (Parthenini + (Adoliadini + ((Cymothoini + Neptini) + (Chalingini + Limenitidini)))). These results will offer valuable data for the future study of the phylogenetic relationships for Limenitidinae.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/16Limenitidinaebutterflymitogenomephylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Ning Liu Lijun Fang Yalin Zhang The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis Insects Limenitidinae butterfly mitogenome phylogeny |
| title | The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis |
| title_full | The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis |
| title_short | The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Species in the Subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis |
| title_sort | complete mitochondrial genomes of four species in the subfamily limenitidinae lepidoptera nymphalidae and a phylogenetic analysis |
| topic | Limenitidinae butterfly mitogenome phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/16 |
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