Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i>
Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/937 |
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| author | Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira Adriano Chessa Isabel Oliveira Abreu Luís Oliva Teles Peter Kille António Paulo Carvalho Laura Guimarães |
| author_facet | Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira Adriano Chessa Isabel Oliveira Abreu Luís Oliva Teles Peter Kille António Paulo Carvalho Laura Guimarães |
| author_sort | Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropods act as homologs of RXR. Focusing on Metazoan species, this study used genomic and proteomic information from different sources to compare their three-dimensional structure, phylogenetic distribution, and amino acid sequence alterations. The objective was to identify possible patterns that relate organisms’ sensitivity to TBT using the species <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> as the basis for the comparisons. The results showed great conservation of this protein across several species when comparing the interaction amino acids described to RXR (an EcR analog) in <i>Homo sapiens</i>. The three-dimensional comparison of RXR showed little conformational variation between different sequences by maintaining the interaction pocket. As for the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) curve, an HC<sub>05</sub> = 0.2649 [0.0789–0.7082] µg/L was obtained with no specific distribution between the different taxa. Protein-ligand docking analysis was then used to confirm the SSD curve ranking of species. Still, the results showed an opposite trend that may be related, for example, to differences in the LC<sub>50</sub> values used in the calculations. This study serves as the first step for applying bioinformatics techniques to produce information that can be used as an alternative to animal or cellular experimentation. These techniques could be adapted to various chemicals and proteins, allowing for observations in a shorter timeframe and providing information on a broader spectrum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:25:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e665370da12c4e1d8adc3c3e0d92b448 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:25:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e665370da12c4e1d8adc3c3e0d92b4482023-11-24T15:09:26ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-11-01111193710.3390/toxics11110937Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i>Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira0Adriano Chessa1Isabel Oliveira Abreu2Luís Oliva Teles3Peter Kille4António Paulo Carvalho5Laura Guimarães6Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalSchool of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UKInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalTributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropods act as homologs of RXR. Focusing on Metazoan species, this study used genomic and proteomic information from different sources to compare their three-dimensional structure, phylogenetic distribution, and amino acid sequence alterations. The objective was to identify possible patterns that relate organisms’ sensitivity to TBT using the species <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> as the basis for the comparisons. The results showed great conservation of this protein across several species when comparing the interaction amino acids described to RXR (an EcR analog) in <i>Homo sapiens</i>. The three-dimensional comparison of RXR showed little conformational variation between different sequences by maintaining the interaction pocket. As for the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) curve, an HC<sub>05</sub> = 0.2649 [0.0789–0.7082] µg/L was obtained with no specific distribution between the different taxa. Protein-ligand docking analysis was then used to confirm the SSD curve ranking of species. Still, the results showed an opposite trend that may be related, for example, to differences in the LC<sub>50</sub> values used in the calculations. This study serves as the first step for applying bioinformatics techniques to produce information that can be used as an alternative to animal or cellular experimentation. These techniques could be adapted to various chemicals and proteins, allowing for observations in a shorter timeframe and providing information on a broader spectrum.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/937comparative genomicstributyltinproteomicsphylogenycrustacea |
| spellingShingle | Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira Adriano Chessa Isabel Oliveira Abreu Luís Oliva Teles Peter Kille António Paulo Carvalho Laura Guimarães Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> Toxics comparative genomics tributyltin proteomics phylogeny crustacea |
| title | Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> |
| title_full | Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> |
| title_short | Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT’s Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> |
| title_sort | toxic relationships prediction of tbt s affinity to the ecdysteroid receptor of i triops longicaudatus i |
| topic | comparative genomics tributyltin proteomics phylogeny crustacea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/11/937 |
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