Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics
Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of addit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/11/2276 |
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| author | Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi Moreno Guernelli Arianna Menichetti Marco Montalti |
| author_facet | Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi Moreno Guernelli Arianna Menichetti Marco Montalti |
| author_sort | Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e66da0aa660e4a66988c3af066de1de0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e66da0aa660e4a66988c3af066de1de02023-11-20T21:16:11ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-11-011011227610.3390/nano10112276Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to NanocosmeticsAlexandra Mavridi-Printezi0Moreno Guernelli1Arianna Menichetti2Marco Montalti3Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyBioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/11/2276nanomedicinepolydopaminemelaninbiocompatibletheranosticsphotothermal therapy |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi Moreno Guernelli Arianna Menichetti Marco Montalti Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics Nanomaterials nanomedicine polydopamine melanin biocompatible theranostics photothermal therapy |
| title | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
| title_full | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
| title_short | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
| title_sort | bio applications of multifunctional melanin nanoparticles from nanomedicine to nanocosmetics |
| topic | nanomedicine polydopamine melanin biocompatible theranostics photothermal therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/11/2276 |
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