Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability
Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-based aerogels have attracted widespread attention for three-dimensional porous structures, which are promising to realize high-rate energy storage. However, disordered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T&l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/1191 |
| _version_ | 1797487942008045568 |
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| author | Xinchao Lu Huachao Yang Zheng Bo Biyao Gong Mengyu Cao Xia Chen Erka Wu Jianhua Yan Kefa Cen Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov |
| author_facet | Xinchao Lu Huachao Yang Zheng Bo Biyao Gong Mengyu Cao Xia Chen Erka Wu Jianhua Yan Kefa Cen Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov |
| author_sort | Xinchao Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-based aerogels have attracted widespread attention for three-dimensional porous structures, which are promising to realize high-rate energy storage. However, disordered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogels with highly tortuous porosity fabricated by conventional unidirectional freeze-casting substantially increase ion diffusion lengths and hinder electrolyte ions transport. Herein we demonstrate a new bidirectional ice-templated approach to synthesize porous ordered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel with straight and aligned channels, straight and short ion diffusion pathways, leading to better ion accessibility. The aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel exhibits the high specific capacitance of 345 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 20 mV s<sup>−1</sup> and rate capability of 52.2% from 10 to 5000 mV s<sup>−1</sup>. The specific capacitance is insensitive of mass loadings even at 10 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> and an excellent power density of 137.3 mW cm<sup>–2</sup> is obtained in symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel supercapacitors at sub-zero (to −30 °C) temperatures are reported for the first time. The aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel delivers temperature-independent rate performance and high capacitance retention (73% at 50 mV s<sup>−1</sup> from 25 to −30 °C) due to the unique structure with metallic conductivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:55:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e68616ed93f44b698f5c293e5f99c4fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:55:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-e68616ed93f44b698f5c293e5f99c4fd2023-11-23T16:26:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-02-01153119110.3390/en15031191Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature StabilityXinchao Lu0Huachao Yang1Zheng Bo2Biyao Gong3Mengyu Cao4Xia Chen5Erka Wu6Jianhua Yan7Kefa Cen8Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov9State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaHangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaTi<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-based aerogels have attracted widespread attention for three-dimensional porous structures, which are promising to realize high-rate energy storage. However, disordered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogels with highly tortuous porosity fabricated by conventional unidirectional freeze-casting substantially increase ion diffusion lengths and hinder electrolyte ions transport. Herein we demonstrate a new bidirectional ice-templated approach to synthesize porous ordered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel with straight and aligned channels, straight and short ion diffusion pathways, leading to better ion accessibility. The aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel exhibits the high specific capacitance of 345 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 20 mV s<sup>−1</sup> and rate capability of 52.2% from 10 to 5000 mV s<sup>−1</sup>. The specific capacitance is insensitive of mass loadings even at 10 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> and an excellent power density of 137.3 mW cm<sup>–2</sup> is obtained in symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel supercapacitors at sub-zero (to −30 °C) temperatures are reported for the first time. The aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel delivers temperature-independent rate performance and high capacitance retention (73% at 50 mV s<sup>−1</sup> from 25 to −30 °C) due to the unique structure with metallic conductivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/1191supercapacitoraligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogelrate performancepower densitysub-zero-temperature stability |
| spellingShingle | Xinchao Lu Huachao Yang Zheng Bo Biyao Gong Mengyu Cao Xia Chen Erka Wu Jianhua Yan Kefa Cen Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability Energies supercapacitor aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel rate performance power density sub-zero-temperature stability |
| title | Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability |
| title_full | Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability |
| title_fullStr | Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability |
| title_short | Aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability |
| title_sort | aligned ti sub 3 sub c sub 2 sub t sub x sub aerogel with high rate performance power density and sub zero temperature stability |
| topic | supercapacitor aligned Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> aerogel rate performance power density sub-zero-temperature stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/1191 |
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