A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
<p>Nutrient budgets help to identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow for the calculation of indicators, such as the nutrient balance (surplus if positive or deficit if negative) and nutrient use efficiency, that help to monito...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/525/2024/essd-16-525-2024.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797349329885724672 |
|---|---|
| author | C. I. Ludemann N. Wanner P. Chivenge P. Chivenge A. Dobermann R. Einarsson P. Grassini A. Gruere K. Jackson L. Lassaletta L. Lassaletta F. Maggi G. Obli-Laryea M. K. van Ittersum S. Vishwakarma S. Vishwakarma X. Zhang F. N. Tubiello |
| author_facet | C. I. Ludemann N. Wanner P. Chivenge P. Chivenge A. Dobermann R. Einarsson P. Grassini A. Gruere K. Jackson L. Lassaletta L. Lassaletta F. Maggi G. Obli-Laryea M. K. van Ittersum S. Vishwakarma S. Vishwakarma X. Zhang F. N. Tubiello |
| author_sort | C. I. Ludemann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Nutrient budgets help to identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow for the calculation of indicators, such as the nutrient balance (surplus if positive or deficit if negative) and nutrient use efficiency, that help to monitor agricultural productivity and sustainability across the world. We present a global database of country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on cropland. The database, disseminated in FAOSTAT, is meant to provide a global reference, synthesizing and continuously updating the state of the art on this topic. The database covers 205 countries and territories, as well as regional and global aggregates, for the period from 1961 to 2020. Results highlight the wide range in nutrient use and nutrient use efficiencies across geographic regions, nutrients, and time. The average N balance on global cropland has remained fairly steady at about 50–55 kg ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> during the past 15 years, despite increasing N inputs. Regional trends, however, show recent average N surpluses that range from a low of about 10 kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in Africa to more than 90 kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in Asia. Encouragingly, average global cropland N use efficiency decreased from about 59 % in 1961 to a low of 43 % in 1988, but it has risen since then to a level of 55 %. Phosphorus deficits are mainly found in Africa, whereas potassium deficits occur in Africa and the Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work in relation to the key nutrient coefficients affecting nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency estimates, especially with respect to nutrient removal in crop products, manure nutrient content, atmospheric deposition and crop biological N fixation rates. We conclude by discussing future research directions and highlighting the need to align statistical<span id="page526"/> definitions across research groups as well as to further refine plant and livestock coefficients and expand estimates to all agricultural land, including nutrient flows in meadows and pastures. Further information is available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh</a> (Ludemann et al., 2023b) as well as the FAOSTAT database (<span class="uri">https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ESB</span>; FAO, 2022a) and is updated annually.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:28:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6887299e1834a41bc86067388e6b4e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1866-3508 1866-3516 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:28:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6887299e1834a41bc86067388e6b4e62024-01-22T06:46:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162024-01-011652554110.5194/essd-16-525-2024A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumC. I. Ludemann0N. Wanner1P. Chivenge2P. Chivenge3A. Dobermann4R. Einarsson5P. Grassini6A. Gruere7K. Jackson8L. Lassaletta9L. Lassaletta10F. Maggi11G. Obli-Laryea12M. K. van Ittersum13S. Vishwakarma14S. Vishwakarma15X. Zhang16F. N. Tubiello17Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the NetherlandsStatistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, ItalyAfrican Plant Nutrition Institute, Benguérir, Moroccocurrently at: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Sustainable Impact Department, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaInternational Fertilizer Association, Paris, FranceDepartment of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, USAInternational Fertilizer Association, Paris, FranceAppalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USADepartment of Agricultural Production, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainCEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainEnvironmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaStatistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, ItalyPlant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the NetherlandsAppalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USAcurrently at: Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland, USAAppalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USAStatistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy<p>Nutrient budgets help to identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow for the calculation of indicators, such as the nutrient balance (surplus if positive or deficit if negative) and nutrient use efficiency, that help to monitor agricultural productivity and sustainability across the world. We present a global database of country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on cropland. The database, disseminated in FAOSTAT, is meant to provide a global reference, synthesizing and continuously updating the state of the art on this topic. The database covers 205 countries and territories, as well as regional and global aggregates, for the period from 1961 to 2020. Results highlight the wide range in nutrient use and nutrient use efficiencies across geographic regions, nutrients, and time. The average N balance on global cropland has remained fairly steady at about 50–55 kg ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> during the past 15 years, despite increasing N inputs. Regional trends, however, show recent average N surpluses that range from a low of about 10 kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in Africa to more than 90 kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in Asia. Encouragingly, average global cropland N use efficiency decreased from about 59 % in 1961 to a low of 43 % in 1988, but it has risen since then to a level of 55 %. Phosphorus deficits are mainly found in Africa, whereas potassium deficits occur in Africa and the Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work in relation to the key nutrient coefficients affecting nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency estimates, especially with respect to nutrient removal in crop products, manure nutrient content, atmospheric deposition and crop biological N fixation rates. We conclude by discussing future research directions and highlighting the need to align statistical<span id="page526"/> definitions across research groups as well as to further refine plant and livestock coefficients and expand estimates to all agricultural land, including nutrient flows in meadows and pastures. Further information is available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh</a> (Ludemann et al., 2023b) as well as the FAOSTAT database (<span class="uri">https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ESB</span>; FAO, 2022a) and is updated annually.</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/525/2024/essd-16-525-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | C. I. Ludemann N. Wanner P. Chivenge P. Chivenge A. Dobermann R. Einarsson P. Grassini A. Gruere K. Jackson L. Lassaletta L. Lassaletta F. Maggi G. Obli-Laryea M. K. van Ittersum S. Vishwakarma S. Vishwakarma X. Zhang F. N. Tubiello A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Earth System Science Data |
| title | A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
| title_full | A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
| title_fullStr | A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
| title_full_unstemmed | A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
| title_short | A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
| title_sort | global faostat reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency 1961 2020 nitrogen phosphorus and potassium |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/525/2024/essd-16-525-2024.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ciludemann aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT nwanner aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pchivenge aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pchivenge aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT adobermann aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT reinarsson aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pgrassini aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT agruere aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT kjackson aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT llassaletta aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT llassaletta aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT fmaggi aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT goblilaryea aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT mkvanittersum aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT svishwakarma aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT svishwakarma aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT xzhang aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT fntubiello aglobalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT ciludemann globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT nwanner globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pchivenge globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pchivenge globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT adobermann globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT reinarsson globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT pgrassini globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT agruere globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT kjackson globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT llassaletta globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT llassaletta globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT fmaggi globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT goblilaryea globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT mkvanittersum globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT svishwakarma globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT svishwakarma globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT xzhang globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium AT fntubiello globalfaostatreferencedatabaseofcroplandnutrientbudgetsandnutrientuseefficiency19612020nitrogenphosphorusandpotassium |