Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome in Mice Reveal Gut–Liver Interactions
Cigarette smoke exposure has a harmful impact on health and increases the risk of disease. However, studies on cigarette-smoke-induced adverse effects from the perspective of the gut–liver axis are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mice through p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11008 |
| Summary: | Cigarette smoke exposure has a harmful impact on health and increases the risk of disease. However, studies on cigarette-smoke-induced adverse effects from the perspective of the gut–liver axis are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mice through physiological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses and explored cigarette-smoke-induced gut microbiota imbalance and changes in liver gene expression through a multiomics analysis. We demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure caused abnormal physiological indices (including reduced body weight, blood lipids, and food intake) in mice, which also triggered liver injury and induced disorders of the gut microbiota and liver transcriptome (especially lipid metabolism). A significant correlation between intestinal bacterial abundance and the expression of lipid-metabolism-related genes was detected, suggesting the coordinated regulation of lipid metabolism by gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Specifically, <i>Salmonella</i> (harmful bacterium) was negatively and positively correlated with up- (such as <i>Acsl3</i> and <i>Me1</i>) and downregulated genes (such as <i>Angptl4</i>, <i>Cyp4a12a</i>, and <i>Plin5</i>) involved in lipid metabolism, while <i>Ligilactobacillus</i> (beneficial bacterium) showed opposite trends with these genes. Our results clarified the key role of gut microbiota in liver damage and metabolism and improved the understanding of gut–liver interactions caused by cigarette smoke exposure. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |