Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, partly due to their huge emission of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), which has a global warming potential of 298 CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/971 |
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| author | Zhiman Lin Kayan Ma Yuchun Yang |
| author_facet | Zhiman Lin Kayan Ma Yuchun Yang |
| author_sort | Zhiman Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, partly due to their huge emission of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), which has a global warming potential of 298 CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria provide a shortcut in the nitrogen removal pathway by directly transforming ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas (N<sub>2</sub>). Due to its energy efficiency, the anammox-driven treatment has been applied worldwide for the removal of inorganic nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewater. Although direct evidence of the metabolic production of N<sub>2</sub>O by anammox bacteria is lacking, the microorganisms coexisting in anammox-driven WWTPs could produce a considerable amount of N<sub>2</sub>O and hence affect the sustainability of wastewater treatment. Thus, N<sub>2</sub>O emission is still one of the downsides of anammox-driven wastewater treatment, and efforts are required to understand the mechanisms of N<sub>2</sub>O emission from anammox-driven WWTPs using different nitrogen removal strategies and develop effective mitigation strategies. Here, three main N<sub>2</sub>O production processes, namely, hydroxylamine oxidation, nitrifier denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification, and the unique N<sub>2</sub>O consumption process termed <i>nosZ</i>-dominated N<sub>2</sub>O degradation, occurring in anammox-driven wastewater treatment systems, are summarized and discussed. The key factors influencing N<sub>2</sub>O emission and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail, and areas in which further research is urgently required are identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e69bc5be852646bfbfe86ac9db4d608a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-e69bc5be852646bfbfe86ac9db4d608a2023-11-30T21:17:44ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-06-0112797110.3390/life12070971Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment SystemsZhiman Lin0Kayan Ma1Yuchun Yang2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, partly due to their huge emission of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), which has a global warming potential of 298 CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria provide a shortcut in the nitrogen removal pathway by directly transforming ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas (N<sub>2</sub>). Due to its energy efficiency, the anammox-driven treatment has been applied worldwide for the removal of inorganic nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewater. Although direct evidence of the metabolic production of N<sub>2</sub>O by anammox bacteria is lacking, the microorganisms coexisting in anammox-driven WWTPs could produce a considerable amount of N<sub>2</sub>O and hence affect the sustainability of wastewater treatment. Thus, N<sub>2</sub>O emission is still one of the downsides of anammox-driven wastewater treatment, and efforts are required to understand the mechanisms of N<sub>2</sub>O emission from anammox-driven WWTPs using different nitrogen removal strategies and develop effective mitigation strategies. Here, three main N<sub>2</sub>O production processes, namely, hydroxylamine oxidation, nitrifier denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification, and the unique N<sub>2</sub>O consumption process termed <i>nosZ</i>-dominated N<sub>2</sub>O degradation, occurring in anammox-driven wastewater treatment systems, are summarized and discussed. The key factors influencing N<sub>2</sub>O emission and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail, and areas in which further research is urgently required are identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/971nitrous oxideanammoxwastewater treatmentmitigation |
| spellingShingle | Zhiman Lin Kayan Ma Yuchun Yang Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems Life nitrous oxide anammox wastewater treatment mitigation |
| title | Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| title_full | Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| title_fullStr | Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| title_short | Nitrous Oxide Emission from Full-Scale Anammox-Driven Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| title_sort | nitrous oxide emission from full scale anammox driven wastewater treatment systems |
| topic | nitrous oxide anammox wastewater treatment mitigation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/7/971 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhimanlin nitrousoxideemissionfromfullscaleanammoxdrivenwastewatertreatmentsystems AT kayanma nitrousoxideemissionfromfullscaleanammoxdrivenwastewatertreatmentsystems AT yuchunyang nitrousoxideemissionfromfullscaleanammoxdrivenwastewatertreatmentsystems |