β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications
β-cells convert glucose (input) resulting in the controlled release of insulin (output), which in turn has the role to maintain glucose homeostasis. β-cell function is regulated by a complex interplay between the metabolic processing of the input, its transformation into second-messenger signals, an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12820 |
| _version_ | 1797507817231351808 |
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| author | Gianmarco Ferri Luca Pesce Marta Tesi Piero Marchetti Francesco Cardarelli |
| author_facet | Gianmarco Ferri Luca Pesce Marta Tesi Piero Marchetti Francesco Cardarelli |
| author_sort | Gianmarco Ferri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | β-cells convert glucose (input) resulting in the controlled release of insulin (output), which in turn has the role to maintain glucose homeostasis. β-cell function is regulated by a complex interplay between the metabolic processing of the input, its transformation into second-messenger signals, and final mobilization of insulin-containing granules towards secretion of the output. Failure at any level in this process marks β-cell dysfunction in diabetes, thus making β-cells obvious potential targets for therapeutic purposes. Addressing quantitatively β-cell (dys)function at the molecular level in living samples requires probing simultaneously the spatial and temporal dimensions at the proper resolution. To this aim, an increasing amount of research efforts are exploiting the potentiality of biophysical techniques. In particular, using excitation light in the visible/infrared range, a number of optical-microscopy-based approaches have been tailored to the study of β-cell-(dys)function at the molecular level, either in label-free mode (i.e., exploiting intrinsic autofluorescence of cells) or by the use of organic/genetically-encoded fluorescent probes. Here, relevant examples from the literature are reviewed and discussed. Based on this, new potential lines of development in the field are drawn. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6a09fff9e864f96a6305b2de521af99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6a09fff9e864f96a6305b2de521af992023-11-23T02:28:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122231282010.3390/ijms222312820β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy ApplicationsGianmarco Ferri0Luca Pesce1Marta Tesi2Piero Marchetti3Francesco Cardarelli4NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, ItalyNEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, ItalyIslet Cell Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyIslet Cell Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyNEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italyβ-cells convert glucose (input) resulting in the controlled release of insulin (output), which in turn has the role to maintain glucose homeostasis. β-cell function is regulated by a complex interplay between the metabolic processing of the input, its transformation into second-messenger signals, and final mobilization of insulin-containing granules towards secretion of the output. Failure at any level in this process marks β-cell dysfunction in diabetes, thus making β-cells obvious potential targets for therapeutic purposes. Addressing quantitatively β-cell (dys)function at the molecular level in living samples requires probing simultaneously the spatial and temporal dimensions at the proper resolution. To this aim, an increasing amount of research efforts are exploiting the potentiality of biophysical techniques. In particular, using excitation light in the visible/infrared range, a number of optical-microscopy-based approaches have been tailored to the study of β-cell-(dys)function at the molecular level, either in label-free mode (i.e., exploiting intrinsic autofluorescence of cells) or by the use of organic/genetically-encoded fluorescent probes. Here, relevant examples from the literature are reviewed and discussed. Based on this, new potential lines of development in the field are drawn.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12820β-cellfluorescencebiophysicsinsulin granulediabetesmetabolism |
| spellingShingle | Gianmarco Ferri Luca Pesce Marta Tesi Piero Marchetti Francesco Cardarelli β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences β-cell fluorescence biophysics insulin granule diabetes metabolism |
| title | β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications |
| title_full | β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications |
| title_fullStr | β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications |
| title_short | β-Cell Pathophysiology: A Review of Advanced Optical Microscopy Applications |
| title_sort | β cell pathophysiology a review of advanced optical microscopy applications |
| topic | β-cell fluorescence biophysics insulin granule diabetes metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12820 |
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