Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study
Abstract Background There is mounting evidence for a reciprocal yet bidirectional association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common cause of systemic hypertension is an independent risk factor for hypertension-related cardiovascular morbidity an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Sleep Science and Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-021-00069-z |
| _version_ | 1818360977540775936 |
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| author | Pedro Pallangyo Lucy R. Mgopa Zabella Mkojera Makrina Komba Jalack Millinga Nsajigwa Misidai Happiness J. Swai Henry Mayala Smita Bhalia Salma Wibonela Mohamed Janabi |
| author_facet | Pedro Pallangyo Lucy R. Mgopa Zabella Mkojera Makrina Komba Jalack Millinga Nsajigwa Misidai Happiness J. Swai Henry Mayala Smita Bhalia Salma Wibonela Mohamed Janabi |
| author_sort | Pedro Pallangyo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There is mounting evidence for a reciprocal yet bidirectional association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common cause of systemic hypertension is an independent risk factor for hypertension-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this comparative hospital-based cross-sectional study, we sought to explore the burden of obstructive sleep apnea and its associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute. Methodology A total of 1974 individuals (i.e. 1289 hypertensive and 685 normotensives) were consecutively enrolled in this study. The Berlin questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were utilized in the assessment of OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) respectively. Logistic regression analyses were employed in the determination of associated factors for OSA. Results The mean age was 53.4 years and females constituted the large majority (60.4%) of participants. About three quarters (74.1%) of participants had excess body weight, 11.6% had diabetes, 8.0% had asthma and 18.6% had history of recurrent nasal congestion. Positive family history of snoring was reported by 43.1% of participants and 36.9% had a personal history of snoring. Persons with hypertension displayed a higher frequency (42.1%) of OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts (11.8%), p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed hypertension (OR 5.1, 95% CI 3.2-8.2, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.5, p < 0.01), chronic nasal congestion (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, p = 0.01), obesity (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.3, p < 0.001), increased neck circumference (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.4, p = 0.02), family history of snoring (OR 5.5, 95% CI 4.0-7.5, p < 0.001), and working > 8 h/24 h (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, p = 0.03) to have an independent association for OSA. Furthermore, participants with hypertension displayed superior odds for OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts across all subgroup analyses. Conclusion OSA is considerably common among patients with hypertension in a tertiary health care setting in Tanzania. Positive family history of snoring was the strongest associated factor; however, excess body weight proved to be the strongest modifiable risk factor. In view of its pervasiveness, OSA should be an integral part of the medical evaluation in hypertensive individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:09:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6ae2f72129b495c88ac8fc94daac43c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-2683 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:09:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sleep Science and Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6ae2f72129b495c88ac8fc94daac43c2022-12-21T23:31:24ZengBMCSleep Science and Practice2398-26832021-12-015111110.1186/s41606-021-00069-zObstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional studyPedro Pallangyo0Lucy R. Mgopa1Zabella Mkojera2Makrina Komba3Jalack Millinga4Nsajigwa Misidai5Happiness J. Swai6Henry Mayala7Smita Bhalia8Salma Wibonela9Mohamed Janabi10Unit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesUnit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteUnit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteNursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteUnit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteUnit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteClinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteCardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteNursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteCardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac InstituteAbstract Background There is mounting evidence for a reciprocal yet bidirectional association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common cause of systemic hypertension is an independent risk factor for hypertension-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this comparative hospital-based cross-sectional study, we sought to explore the burden of obstructive sleep apnea and its associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute. Methodology A total of 1974 individuals (i.e. 1289 hypertensive and 685 normotensives) were consecutively enrolled in this study. The Berlin questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were utilized in the assessment of OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) respectively. Logistic regression analyses were employed in the determination of associated factors for OSA. Results The mean age was 53.4 years and females constituted the large majority (60.4%) of participants. About three quarters (74.1%) of participants had excess body weight, 11.6% had diabetes, 8.0% had asthma and 18.6% had history of recurrent nasal congestion. Positive family history of snoring was reported by 43.1% of participants and 36.9% had a personal history of snoring. Persons with hypertension displayed a higher frequency (42.1%) of OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts (11.8%), p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed hypertension (OR 5.1, 95% CI 3.2-8.2, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.5, p < 0.01), chronic nasal congestion (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, p = 0.01), obesity (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.3, p < 0.001), increased neck circumference (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.4, p = 0.02), family history of snoring (OR 5.5, 95% CI 4.0-7.5, p < 0.001), and working > 8 h/24 h (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, p = 0.03) to have an independent association for OSA. Furthermore, participants with hypertension displayed superior odds for OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts across all subgroup analyses. Conclusion OSA is considerably common among patients with hypertension in a tertiary health care setting in Tanzania. Positive family history of snoring was the strongest associated factor; however, excess body weight proved to be the strongest modifiable risk factor. In view of its pervasiveness, OSA should be an integral part of the medical evaluation in hypertensive individuals.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-021-00069-zOSASleep-related breathing disordersSleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaSnoringHypertension |
| spellingShingle | Pedro Pallangyo Lucy R. Mgopa Zabella Mkojera Makrina Komba Jalack Millinga Nsajigwa Misidai Happiness J. Swai Henry Mayala Smita Bhalia Salma Wibonela Mohamed Janabi Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study Sleep Science and Practice OSA Sleep-related breathing disorders Sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea Snoring Hypertension |
| title | Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in tanzania a comparative cross sectional study |
| topic | OSA Sleep-related breathing disorders Sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea Snoring Hypertension |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-021-00069-z |
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