Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, and can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) and the correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ECG R-R intervals (RRIs), namely baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In this study, we propose a novel par...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/4/473 |
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| author | Wei-Min Liu Hsin-Ru Liu Po-Wei Chen Huai-Ren Chang Chen-Mao Liao An-Bang Liu |
| author_facet | Wei-Min Liu Hsin-Ru Liu Po-Wei Chen Huai-Ren Chang Chen-Mao Liao An-Bang Liu |
| author_sort | Wei-Min Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, and can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) and the correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ECG R-R intervals (RRIs), namely baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In this study, we propose a novel parameter for the nonlinear association between SBP and RRIs based on multiscale cross-approximate entropy (MS-CXApEn). Sixteen male adult Wistar Kyoto rats were equally divided into two groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetes and age-matched controls. RRIs and SBP were acquired in control rats and the diabetic rats at the onset of hyperglycemia and insulin-treated euglycemia to determine HRV by the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (LF/HF) and Poincaré plot as SSR (SD1/SD2), BRS, and MS-CXApEn. SSR and BRS were not significantly different among the three groups. The LF/HF was significantly higher in the hyperglycemic diabetics than those in the controls and euglycemic diabetic rats. MS-CXApEn was higher in the diabetic hyperglycemic rats than the control rats from scales 2 to 10, and approached the values of controls in diabetic euglycemic rats at scales 9 and 10. Conclusions: We propose MS-CXApEn as a novel parameter to quantify the dynamic nonlinear interactions between SBP and RRIs that reveals more apparent changes in early diabetic rats. Furthermore, changes in this parameter were related to correction of hyperglycemia and could be useful for detecting and assessing CAN in early diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:38:10Z |
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| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:38:10Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e6ba2c18d8594f50be7221193299544c2023-12-01T20:50:04ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-03-0124447310.3390/e24040473Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic RatsWei-Min Liu0Hsin-Ru Liu1Po-Wei Chen2Huai-Ren Chang3Chen-Mao Liao4An-Bang Liu5Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, TaiwanMedical Department, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, TaiwanCardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, and can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) and the correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ECG R-R intervals (RRIs), namely baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In this study, we propose a novel parameter for the nonlinear association between SBP and RRIs based on multiscale cross-approximate entropy (MS-CXApEn). Sixteen male adult Wistar Kyoto rats were equally divided into two groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetes and age-matched controls. RRIs and SBP were acquired in control rats and the diabetic rats at the onset of hyperglycemia and insulin-treated euglycemia to determine HRV by the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (LF/HF) and Poincaré plot as SSR (SD1/SD2), BRS, and MS-CXApEn. SSR and BRS were not significantly different among the three groups. The LF/HF was significantly higher in the hyperglycemic diabetics than those in the controls and euglycemic diabetic rats. MS-CXApEn was higher in the diabetic hyperglycemic rats than the control rats from scales 2 to 10, and approached the values of controls in diabetic euglycemic rats at scales 9 and 10. Conclusions: We propose MS-CXApEn as a novel parameter to quantify the dynamic nonlinear interactions between SBP and RRIs that reveals more apparent changes in early diabetic rats. Furthermore, changes in this parameter were related to correction of hyperglycemia and could be useful for detecting and assessing CAN in early diabetes.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/4/473diabetes mellitusheart rate variabilitybaroreflex sensitivitymultiscale cross-approximate entropy |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Min Liu Hsin-Ru Liu Po-Wei Chen Huai-Ren Chang Chen-Mao Liao An-Bang Liu Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats Entropy diabetes mellitus heart rate variability baroreflex sensitivity multiscale cross-approximate entropy |
| title | Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats |
| title_full | Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats |
| title_fullStr | Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats |
| title_short | Novel Application of Multiscale Cross-Approximate Entropy for Assessing Early Changes in the Complexity between Systolic Blood Pressure and ECG R-R Intervals in Diabetic Rats |
| title_sort | novel application of multiscale cross approximate entropy for assessing early changes in the complexity between systolic blood pressure and ecg r r intervals in diabetic rats |
| topic | diabetes mellitus heart rate variability baroreflex sensitivity multiscale cross-approximate entropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/4/473 |
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