| Summary: | Species of <i>Cystolepiota</i> are known as diminutive lepiotaceous fungi with a worldwide distribution. Previous studies revealed that <i>Cystolepiota</i> is not monophyletic and preliminary DNA sequence data from recent collections suggested that several new species exist. Based on multi-locus DNA sequence data (the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, ITS; the D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, LSU; the most variable region of the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, <i>rpb2</i> and a portion of the translation–elongation factor 1-α. <i>tef1</i>), <i>C.</i> sect. <i>Pulverolepiota</i> forms a distinct clade separating from <i>Cystolepiota</i>. Therefore, the genus <i>Pulverolepiota</i> was resurrected and two combinations, <i>P. oliveirae</i> and <i>P. petasiformis</i> were proposed. With the integration of morphological characteristics, multi-locus phylogeny, and information on geography and habitat, two new species, viz. <i>C. pseudoseminuda</i> and <i>C. pyramidosquamulosa</i>, are described and <i>C. seminuda</i> was revealed to be a species complex containing at least three species, viz. <i>C. seminuda</i>, <i>C. pseudoseminuda</i>, and <i>Melanophyllum eryei</i>. In addition, <i>C. seminuda</i> was re-circumscribed and neo-typified based on recent collections.
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